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ER EOR > Neuro > Flashcards

Neuro Flashcards

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Royal College: Emergency Medicine flashcards
1
Q

tx Bell’s palsy

A

prednisone
artificial tears

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2
Q

MCC encephalitis

A

HSV1
CMV if immunocompromised

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3
Q

dx encephalitis

A

MRI
LP

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4
Q

what will LP show for encephalitis

A

increased WBC (mostly lymphocytes)
normal glucose
normal or increased protein

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5
Q

tell me about epidural hematoma

A

convex
doesn’t cross suture line

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6
Q

tell me about subdural hematoma

A

concave/crescent
crosses suture lines

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7
Q

LP for Guillain-barre

A

increased protein
normal WBC

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8
Q

tx Guillain-barre

A

plasma exchange
IVIG

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9
Q

triad meningitis

A

fever
nuchal rigidity
HA

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10
Q

which bacteria will more likely cause a rash for meningitis

A

N meningitides

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11
Q

LP for meningitis

A

increased protein
decreased glucose
increased opening pressure

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12
Q

tx meningitis

A

dexamethasone + vanc + cef (IDK if dexa is actually needed – just know it)

> 50 = vancomycin + cef + ampicillin

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13
Q

meds for exposure to meningitis

A

rifampin or cipro

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14
Q

tx status epilepticus

A

lorazepam

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15
Q

within what time period should you administer a thrombolytic for a stroke if you can

A

4.5 hours

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16
Q

what meds should not be used if you use TPA for stroke

A

No NSAIDS or ASA for first 24H

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17
Q

LP for subarachnoid hemorrhage

A

xanthochromia
blood in CSF
increased protein
increased pressure

in the question – make sure you look at all the tubes for many many many RBC (in the thousands)

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18
Q

tx subarachnoid hemorrhage

A

nimodipine - reduces vasospasms
surgical clipping

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19
Q

what should you know about vasovagal vs cardiogenic syncope

A

vasovagal - warning sx before!!!

20
Q

Stroke ACA

A

contralateral LE and face

21
Q

stroke MCA

A

aphasia
contralateral hemiparesis

22
Q

stroke PCA

A

homonymous hemianopsia

23
Q

sx anterior cord syndrome

A

Complete loss of motor, pain, &
temperature below injury, but
retains proprioception and vibratory
sensation

24
Q

sx Brown-Séquard

A

Ipsilateral loss of motor, vibratory
sensation, and proprioception
with contralateral loss of pain and
temperature sensation

25
Q

sx central cord syndrome

A

Sensory and motor deficit
Upper > lower extremities

26
Q

tx cluster HA

A

100% oxygen
sumatriptan can be used as an adjunct

27
Q

sx cluster HA

A

unilateral
SHARP

28
Q

sx migraine HA

A

unilateral
pulsating
N/V
photophobia

29
Q

tx migraines

A

NSAIDs, excedrin
triptans or ergotamine

30
Q

prophylaxis indications and meds for migraines

A

> /= 4 HA/month or HA > 12 hours

divalproex, topiramate, propranolol

31
Q

sx tension HA

A

band-like
B/L

32
Q

tx tension HA

A

NSAIDs, excedrin

33
Q

prophylaxis tension HA

A

TCAs (amitriptyline)
mirtazepine
topiramate
gabapentin

34
Q

MCC epidural hematoma

A

middle meningeal artery
temporal bone fx

35
Q

sx epidural hematoma

A

LOC –> lucid interval –> deterioration

36
Q

MCC subdural hematoma

A

bridging veins (elderly, alcoholics, anticoags, shaken baby)

37
Q

sx subdural hematoma

A

gradual increase in neuro sx

38
Q

MCC subarachnoid hematoma

A

ruptured saccular (berry) aneurysm)

39
Q

sx subarachnoid hematoma

A

thunderclap HA
LOC
meningeal sx

terson syndrome - pre retinal hemorrhages

40
Q

what is myasthenia gravis

A

autoimmune destruction of acetylcholine receptors on the postsynaptic membrane

41
Q

sx myasthenia gravis

A

Fatigue and muscular weakness are the hallmarks

Ocular symptoms are often the first manifestation, with ptosis worsening by the end of the day

42
Q

dx MG

A

Serologic testing for autoantibodies: anti-nAChR, anti-MuSK
Electrophysiologic studies: repetitive nerve stimulation, single-fiber electromyography

43
Q

tx MG

A

acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (pyridostigmine)

Acute myasthenic crisis: plasmapheresis, IVIG

44
Q

MC affected vessel in ischemic stroke

A

middle cerebral artery (MCA)

45
Q

MCC meningitis

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae

46
Q
A

ER EOR (28 decks)

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