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ER EOR > ENT Geriatrics > Flashcards

ENT Geriatrics Flashcards

1
Q

MC type of blepharitis

A

posterior

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2
Q

what is posterior blepharitis due to

A

meibomian gland dysfunction

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3
Q

sx blepharitis

A

eyelid crusting, scaling, red-rimming of the eyelid

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4
Q

tx blepharitis

A

eyelid hygiene

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5
Q

what is ectropion

A

eyelid and lashes are turned outward (everted)

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6
Q

tx ectropion

A

lubricating eye drops and moisture shields for sx relief

surgery if needed

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7
Q

what is entropion

A

eyelid and lashes are turned inward (inverted)

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8
Q

tx entropion

A

lubricating eye drops and moisture shields for sx

surgery is needed

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9
Q

what is pterygium

A

slow-growing thickening of the bulbar conjunctiva that may extend onto the corneal surface

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10
Q

RF pterygium

A

UV light exposure in sunny climates
sand, wind, dust

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11
Q

tx pterygium

A

observation for most
surgical removal if growth affects vision

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12
Q

what is the MCC of permanent legal blindness and vision loss in older adults in the US

A

macular degeneration

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13
Q

types of macular degeneration

A

dry - MC
wet - choroidal neovascularization

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14
Q

sx macular degeneration

A

bilateral progressive CENTRAL vision loss (includes detailed and colored vision)

metamorphopsia (straight lines appear bent)

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15
Q

funduscopic exam macular degeneration

A

dry - druse bodies - small, round yellow-white spots

wet - choroidal neovascularization

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16
Q

what grid can you use to help dx macular degeneration

A

amsler grid

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17
Q

tx macular degeneration

A

dry - zinc and vitamins C & E
wet - intravitreal VEGF inhibitors (Bevacizumab)

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18
Q

RF retinal detachment

A

myopia
previous cataract surgery

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19
Q

sx retinal detachment

A

photopsia (flashing lights)
floaters
progressive unilateral peripheral vision loss
shadow or curtain coming down

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20
Q

dx retinal detachment

A

funduscopy:
retinal tear - detached tissue flapping in the vitreous humor
positive shakers sign - clumping of brown-colored pigment resembling tobacco dust

21
Q

tx retinal detachment

A

emergency - keep pt supine with head turned toward side of detachment

22
Q

MCC blindness in the world

23
Q

RF cataracts

A

aging
cigarette smoking
steroid use
DM

24
Q

sx cataracts

A

painless, slow, progressive blurred or vision loss over months to years

25
PE cataracts
absent red reflex opaque lens
26
tx cataract
observe if mild cataract surgery if visual changes affect ADL
27
what is chronic open angle glaucoma
slow progressive painless bilateral peripheral vision loss
28
RF chronic open angle glaucoma
AA A > 40 FHx DM
29
sx chronic open angle glaucoma
asx until late slow, progressive painless bilateral peripheral vision loss (tunnel vision)
30
PE chronic open angle glaucoma
cupping of optic discs increased cup to disc ratio notching of disc rim
31
tx chronic open angle glaucoma
prostaglandin analogs (latanoprost) laser therapy surgery
32
tx cerumen impaction
3% hydrogen peroxide 6.5% carbide peroxide irrigation
33
what is BPPV
a type of peripheral vertigo MC due to displaced otolith particles within semicircular canals
34
sx BPPV
sudden episodic peripheral vertigo (60 s or less); provoked with certain changes in head position not associated with hearing loss or tinnitus
35
dx BPPV
dix hallpike - produces nystagmus and vertigo
36
tx BPPV
carnality repositioning - Epley maneuver
37
vestibular neuronitis and labyrinthitis is due to
viral/postviral inflammation
38
sx vestibular neuronitis and labyrinthitis
continuous peripheral vertigo vestibular - no hearing loss labyrinthitis - hearing loss
39
dx vestibular neuronitis and labyrinthitis
clinical MRI > CT
40
tx vestibular neuronitis and labyrinthitis
steroids sx relief - meclizine
41
what is menieres dz
idiopathic distention of the endolymphatic compartment of the inner ear due to excess fluid
42
sx menieres dz
episodic peripheral vertigo unilateral fluctuating sensorineural hearing loss tinnitus ear fullness
43
what should you rule out w menieres dz
syphilis
44
tx menieres dz
sodium and caffeine restriction can use HCTZ
45
MCC sialadenitis
S aureus
46
sx sialadenitis
sudden onset firm and tender gland swelling w purulent discharge (may be able to express pus if the duct is massaged) dysphagia trismus fever and chills
47
dx sialadenitis
CT scan
48
tx sialadenitis
dicloxacillin or nafcillin metronidazole can be added for anaerobic coverage
49

ER EOR (28 decks)

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