Urology

Question 1

What is diagnostic criteria for testicular torsion

Answer 1

Question 2

Difference between volume of urine in stress and urge incontinence?

Answer 2

Stress small amounts and Urge large amounts.

Question 3

Some things that worsen urge incontinence?

Answer 3

caffeine, alcohol, obesity, smoking and diuretics

Question 4

Potential effect that CCB meds can have on urination problems?

Answer 4

Calcium channel blockers can decrease bladder contractility and may contribute to urinary retention and overflow incontinence, but not urge incontinence

Question 5

Value of Keigel exercises compared to meds for urge incontinence?

Answer 5

Properly performed pelvic floor muscle exercises are more effective than medications for reducing urge incontinence

Question 6

What receptors do urine incontinence meds work on

Answer 6

β1-adrenergic receptors to relax the detrusor. Mirabegron

Question 7

what do electrical neuromodulation devices for treating urge incontinence do? what nerve do they effect? what is the process? how effective are they?

Answer 7

Percutaneous stimulators of the posterior tibial nerve, which shares a common nerve root with innervation of the bladder, are the most widely used devices. Posterior tibial nerve stimulation works at least as well as medication, reducing urge incontinence in up to 75% of patients (SOR B). However, this requires weekly procedures for the first 3 months and monthly treatments thereafter.