Gastro

Question 1

Difference between NAFLD and NASH?

Answer 1

There are two forms of NAFLD: nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFL), defined as 5% or greater hepatic steatosis without hepatocellular injury or fibrosis, and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), defined as 5% or greater hepatic steatosis plus hepatocellular injury and inflammation, with or without fibrosis

Question 2

Risk factors for NAFLD?

Answer 2

Risk Factors for Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Established: Obesity (highest risk) Metabolic syndrome, Type 2 diabetes mellitus, HLD

Emerging evidence:
Genetic variation of the PNPLA3 gene, HIV
Hypothyroidism, Obstructive sleep apnea
Polycystic ovary syndrome
PNPLA3 = patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein 3.

Question 3

Gilbert and Crigler-Najjar syndromes;

Rotor and Dubin-Johnson syndromes.

Answer 3

The inherited disorders associated with isolated unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia are Gilbert and Crigler-Najjar syndromes;
-the disorders associated with isolated conjugated hyperbilirubinemia are Rotor and Dubin-Johnson syndromes.

Question 4

Best tests for Hereditary Hemachromatosis?

Answer 4

CBC, Ferritin, Transferrin. Normal CBC with Elevated Ferritin and Transferrin are suggestive of HH

Question 5

What does it mean if anti HBc is positive

Answer 5

infection has occurred not immunization

Question 6

what does positive anti HBs mean?

Answer 6

after infection or immunization

Question 7

what dose positive anti HBsAg mean?

Answer 7

acute infection does not rule out past infections

Question 8

What is the best screening test for celiac disease?

Answer 8

IgA tTG

Question 9

describe mechanism for common constipation treatments?

Answer 9

Colace (docusate Sodium) wetting agent, works like soap
Senna motility agent, gets peristalsis moving
Fiber: wont work without adequate water intake, could make worse

Question 10

How common is Hep C. What is the biggest risk factor for Hep C?

Answer 10

HCV is the most common chronic bloodborne pathogen in the United States and a leading cause of complications from chronic liver disease. Before the COVID pandemic, HCV infection was associated with more deaths than the top 60 other reportable infectious diseases combined, including HIV. The most important risk factor for HCV infection is past or current injection drug use.

Question 11

people using long term NSAIDs should have what first?

Answer 11

Check and treat H.Pylori then proceed with NSAIDs.