Cannibus Stuff Flashcards
Difference between Cannibus, THC, Marijuana and Hemp
Cannibus is a genus of flowering plants.
Marijuana is defined as a substance composed of parts of the plant Cannabis sativa, including the leaves, flowers, seeds, and the resin extracted from any part of the plant.
Marijuana: the psychoactive phytocannabinoid tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) along with other phytocannabinoids.
Hemp: a genetic variant of Cannabis sativa, which has been bred to maximize its fiber content and minimize its phytocannabinoid content, especially of THC.
Common side effects to CBD
Somnolence – 21% of patients (*See note below)
Fatigue – 17% of patients
Diarrhea – 16% of patients
Decreased appetite – 16% of patients
How does CBD effect THC metabolism?
CBD’s influence on receptor binding: CBD’s mechanism of action does not involve the direct binding to CB1 or CB2 receptors. Instead, it produces an effect by inhibiting FAAH (the enzyme that breaks down anandamide), (Bisogno) and thus makes more anandamide available to bind to cannabinoid 1 receptors (the same receptors to which THC binds). CBD also produces an effect by binding to the TRPV1 receptor and the serotonin 5-HT1A receptor.
CBD’s influence on the metabolism of THC: CBD inhibits the first pass metabolism of THC into 11-hydroxy-THC, which has stronger psychoactive properties than delta-9-THC.
What are terpenes?
Terpenes are aromatic hydrocarbons and just like the phytocannabinoids, manufactured in the glands of the cannabis flower. may influence the uptake and effects of phytocannabinoids.The terpenes found in cannabis include limonene, pinene, myrcene, delta-3-carene, eucalyptol and humulene.
Some negative side effects of smoking marijuana
increased pulmonary and cardiovascular risk. marijuana smoke contains harmful bronchial irritants and carcinogens. (Loflin) gas phase toxins, such as acetaldehyde, ammonia, and nitrosamines, and particulate-phase toxins such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (“tar”). As a result, smoking marijuana may result in airway hyperactivity, edema, obstruction, chronic cough, and bronchitis. (it is associated with large airway inflammation, increased airway resistance, and lung hyperinflation. It should be noted that smoking marijuana may be more irritating to airways than smoking tobacco because marijuana burns at a higher temperature than tobacco. increase in the incidence of respiratory infections. (increased cardiac work, increased catecholamine levels, and postural hypotension, triggering a myocardial infarction or stroke
Smoking vs vaporization
Due to their volatility, cannabinoids will vaporize at temperatures of 180°C to 200°C, but will not readily combust, and therefore fewer combustion byproducts such as soot or polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are produced with vaporization as compared to smoking.
Pharmicokinetics of orally administered marijuana
The psychoactive and physiological effects of orally consumed marijuana typically appear approximately 90 minutes after ingestion, reach their maximum after 2-3 hours and last for about 4-12 hours
I’ll effects from overconsumption of edibles
overconsumption of high THC marijuana-infused edible products may be associated with hostile behavior, psychosis, delusions, poor judgement, erratic speech and adverse psychological effects. (Hudak) The low concentration of CBD in recreational edible products may play a factor in the development of hostile/psychotic behavior, as CBD has anxiolytic and anti-psychotic properties.
Benefits of rectal administered marijuana
Avoids first pass metabolism, twice the blood levels achieved.
