urological reproductive system Flashcards
name the main parts of the kidney
-Cortex: Outer layer containing nephrons, the functional units of the kidney.
-Medulla: Inner region with pyramid-shaped structures that collect and transport urine.
-Renal Pelvis: Funnel-shaped cavity that drains urine into the ureter.
what are the functions of the kidney
-filtration: remove waste products and excess substances from the blood to form urine
-regulation: fluid balance, electrolyte balance, acid-base balance.
-hormone production: erythropoietin, renin and calciferol
common disorders of the kidney
-kidney stones
-chronic kidney disease
-acute kidney injury
-urinary tract infections
structure of the ureter
-mucosa: inner lining that produces mucus to protect and lubricate the ureter
-muscularis: middle layer of smooth muscle that propels urine through peristalsis
-adventitia; outer connective tissue layer that supports the ureter and anchors it to surrounding structure.
functions of the ureter
-urine transport: carry urine from the renal pelvis of each kidney to the bladder
-peristalsis: use wave-like muscle contractions to move urine toward the bladder.
common disorders of the ureter
-ureteral stones
-ureteral structure
-uretercele.
structure of the bladder
-mucosa: inner lining
-detrusor muscle: middle layer
-serosa: outer layer
functions of the bladder
-urine storage
-urine expulsion
common disorders of the bladder
-urinary tract infections
-bladder stones
-overactive bladder
-bladder cancer
structure of the urethra
-internal urethral sphincter
-external urethral sphincter
functions of the urethra
-urine extraction
-sphincter control
common disorders of the urethra
-urinary tract infections
-urethral structure
-urethritis
-incontinence
name some parts of the male anatomy
-testes
-epididymis
-vas deferens
-prostate gland
-urethra
-penis
