musculoskeletal system Flashcards
what are the functions of the skeleton
-support
-movement
-protection
production of blood cells
-storage of minerals
what are the two different parts if the skeleton
appendicular skeleton (limbs and girdles)(legs, arms, etc)
axial skeleton (skull, vertebral column, rib cage)
give examples of girdles
shoulder and pelvic girdles
what are the functions of the bones
-support-provide structure and shape to body.
-protection- protects internal organs
-movement- acts as levers for muscle action
-mineral storage- stores essential minerals (calcium and phosphorus)
-blood cell production- produced in bone marrow.
what are the functions of the muscles
-movement- contraction and relaxation
-posture- maintain body posture
-heat production- generates heat during contraction to maintain body temp
what are the functions of the joints
-movement: allows bones to move relative to each other.
-flexibility- enables various types of movements
-stability- support and stability to skeleton
what are the three connective tissues
-tendons- connect muscles to bone, enable movement
-ligaments- connects bones to other bones, provide joint stability.
-cartilage- provides cushioning and reduces friction in joints
what are the different types of bones
-long bones-e,g: femur, humerous
-short bones- e.g: tarsals, carpals
-flat bones- e.g: skull, ribs
- irregular bones: complex shapes.
-sesamoid bones- e.g: patella
define the diaphysis
the shaft or central part of the long bone
what are the functions of the diaphysis
provides strong support and houses the medullary cavity (which contains bone marrow)
define the epiphysis
the rounded ends of a long bone
what are the functions of the epiphysis
provides a larger surface area for muscle attachment and participates in joint formation.
aids formation of red blood cells.
anatomy marrow
what are the functions of the skull and what are the key bones
protects the brain and supports the structure of the face.
cranium and facial bones
what are the functions of the spine
protects the spinal cord, supports the head, and provides attachments for ribs and muscles.
what are the different sections to the spine
cervical spine-7
thoracic spine -12
lumbar spine-5
sacrum -5
coccyx-4
in total there are 33 vertebrae.
what are the functions of the rib cage
protects the heart and lungs, supports upper body
key bones: sternum.
what are the functions of the upper limb
provides mobility and dexterity, enables manipulations of objects
what are the functions of the lower limb
supports body weight and enables locomotion
what are the functions of the pelvis
supports weight of the upper body, protects pelvis organs, provides attachment for lower limbs.
what are skeletal muscles
voluntary muscles attached to bones, responsible for body movement.
what are the three main parts of the muscles
-muscle fibers
-myofibrils
-sarcomeres (allowing the siding filament theory to occur).
what is the sliding filament theory
myosin heads bind to actin filaments and pull them towards the centre of the sarcomere, shortening the muscle. (their energy source is ATP)
what are the functions of the smooth muscle
movement of substances through the body, involuntary movements.