Gastrointestinal system

Question 1

what is the gastrointestinal system

Answer 1

known as the digestive system, and is responsible for digesting and absorbing food and eliminating waste.

Question 2

what is involved in the gastrointestinal system

Answer 2

-mouth
-oesophagus
-stomach
-small intestine
-large intestine
-rectum
-anus
-liver
-gallbladder
-pancreas
-spleen
-appendix

Question 3

what is the function of the mouth

Answer 3

ingestion and initial digestion through chewing and saliva.
chemical digestion, mechanical digestion, swallowing (deglutition).

Question 4

what is the function of the oesophagus

Answer 4

transports food from the mouth to the stomach via peristalsis.
connects throat to the stomach.
contains sphincter at each end to prevent back flow of food and stomach acid.

Question 5

what is the function of the teeth

Answer 5

mechanical breakdown of food through chewing

Question 6

what is the function of the tongue

Answer 6

helps manipulate food, tasting, and initiating swallowing.

Question 7

what is the function of the salivary gland

Answer 7

produce saliva which contains enzymes that begin the chemical breakdown of food.

Question 8

what is the function of the palate (roof of the mouth)

Answer 8

separates the oral and nasal cavities, consists of hard palate (front) and soft palate (back)

Question 9

what are the three major salivary glands

Answer 9

-parotid glands- located in front and behind ears, largest, secretes saliva.
-submandibular gland- located beneath lower jaw, produces saliva.
-sublingual gland- located under the tongue, smallest, secretes saliva.

Question 10

what are some common mouth disorders

Answer 10

-dental caries (cavities)
-gingivitis (gum inflammation)
-oral cancer
-sialolithiasis (salivary stones)

Question 11

what is the function of the stomach

Answer 11

-churns food to enhance digestion (mechanical digestion)
-secretes acid and enzymes for digestion (chemical digestion)
-regulates the release of chyme into the small intestine.
it also has an acid environment (kills bacteria and pathogens ingested with food) and mucus production (protects stomach lining from self-digestion by gastric gases)

Question 12

what regions make up the stomach

Answer 12

-cardia
-fundus
-body
-body
-antrum
-pylorus

Question 13

what are the 4 layers of the stomach

Answer 13

1-mucosa- innermost layer, secretes gastric juices
2-submucosa- contains blood vessels, nerves and connective tissues
3- muscularis- three layers of muscle, aid mechanical digestion.
4-serosa- outermost layer, forms stomach outer lining.

Question 14

what is the function of the stomach proton pump

Answer 14

it is a protein in the stomach lining cells that helps produce stomach acid.
moves H+ ions into the stomach, which combines with chloride ions to form hydrochloric acid.
helps break down food, and kills harmful bacteria.

Question 15

what are common stomach disorders

Answer 15

-gastritis- inflammation of stomach lining.
-peptic ulcers
-gastroesophageal reflux disease - chronic acid reflux causing heartburn and possible oesophagus damage
-perforated ulcers
-gastrointestinal bleeding

Question 16

what are bowel sounds

Answer 16

noises made by the movement of the intestines as they push food and digestive juices through the GI tract.

Question 17

what are the types of bowel sounds

Answer 17

-normal- soft gurgling or rumbling sounds indicating normal peristalsis.
-hyperactive- loud, high-pitched sounds, indicate increased GI activity.
-hypoactive- faint or absent sound.

Question 18

what are the separate parts to the small intestine

Answer 18

-duodenum (first part, most chemical digestion occurs here)
-jejunum (middle part, nutrient absorption)
-ileum (last part, absorbs remaining nutrients and connects or large intestine.)

Question 19

what is the function of the small intestine

Answer 19

-digestion: uses pancreatic enzymes and bile from liver aid in breaking down proteins, fats and carbohydrates.
-absorption: of nutrients and vitamins and minerals.
-transportation: moves chyme from the stomach to the large intestine.

Question 20

what are some common disorders of the small intestine

Answer 20

-coeliac disease
-crohns disease
-intestinal obstruction