Urological Emergencies Flashcards
Acute urinary retention is commonly a complication of what condition?
Benign prostatic hyperplasia
How is acute urinary retention treated?
Catheterisation
Give some causes of visible haematuria
Infection Stones Tumours Benign prostatic hyperplasia Polycystic kidneys
Give some causes of an acute scrotum
Spermatic cord torsion Appendix testis torsion Epididymitis Hydrocele Trauma
Where can pain from a spermatic cord torsion be referred to?
Lower abdomen
How is spermatic cord torsion treated?
2/3-point fixation with sutures
Removal of necrotic testis
What sign is commonly seen in appendix testis torsion?
Blue dot sign
What reflex is seen in epididymitis?
Cremasteric reflex
What antibiotic is used to treat epididymitis?
Doxycycline (STI)
Ofloxacin (UTI)
What is paraphimosis?
Painful swelling of the foreskin distal to phimotic ring
How is paraphimosis treated?
Dorsal slit
What is priapism?
Prolonged erection lasting >4 hours not associated with arousal
How is priapism classifed?
Ischaemic
Non-ischaemic
How is ischaemic priapism treated?
Aspiration
Alpha-agonist injection
Surgical shunt
How is non-ischaemic priapism treated?
Supportively
What is Fournier’s gangrene?
A form of necrotising fasciiits occuring around male genitalia
What is emphysematous pyelonephritis?
A necrotising perirenal infection caused by gas-forming pathogens (E.coli)
What is the cause of perinephric abscess?
Rupture of acute cortical abscess into the perinephric space
What occurs in class I renal trauma?
Subcapsular haematoma
What occurs in class I renal trauma?
Laceration <1cm parenchymal depth with no urinary extravasation
What occurs in class III renal trauma?
Laceration >1cm parenchymal depth
What occurs in class IV renal trauma?
Laceration though cortex, medulla and collecting system
What occurs in class V renal trauma?
Shattered kidney
What should imaging occur in urology?
Visible haematuria
Non-visible haematuria in kids
Non-visible haematuria and shock
Penetrating injury with haematuria
