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Renal > Urological Emergencies > Flashcards

Urological Emergencies Flashcards

1
Q

Acute urinary retention is commonly a complication of what condition?

A

Benign prostatic hyperplasia

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2
Q

How is acute urinary retention treated?

A

Catheterisation

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3
Q

Give some causes of visible haematuria

A 
Infection
Stones
Tumours
Benign prostatic hyperplasia
Polycystic kidneys
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4
Q

Give some causes of an acute scrotum

A 
Spermatic cord torsion
Appendix testis torsion
Epididymitis
Hydrocele
Trauma
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5
Q

Where can pain from a spermatic cord torsion be referred to?

A

Lower abdomen

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6
Q

How is spermatic cord torsion treated?

A

2/3-point fixation with sutures

Removal of necrotic testis

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7
Q

What sign is commonly seen in appendix testis torsion?

A

Blue dot sign

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8
Q

What reflex is seen in epididymitis?

A

Cremasteric reflex

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9
Q

What antibiotic is used to treat epididymitis?

A

Doxycycline (STI)

Ofloxacin (UTI)

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10
Q

What is paraphimosis?

A

Painful swelling of the foreskin distal to phimotic ring

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11
Q

How is paraphimosis treated?

A

Dorsal slit

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12
Q

What is priapism?

A

Prolonged erection lasting >4 hours not associated with arousal

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13
Q

How is priapism classifed?

A

Ischaemic

Non-ischaemic

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14
Q

How is ischaemic priapism treated?

A

Aspiration
Alpha-agonist injection
Surgical shunt

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15
Q

How is non-ischaemic priapism treated?

A

Supportively

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16
Q

What is Fournier’s gangrene?

A

A form of necrotising fasciiits occuring around male genitalia

17
Q

What is emphysematous pyelonephritis?

A

A necrotising perirenal infection caused by gas-forming pathogens (E.coli)

18
Q

What is the cause of perinephric abscess?

A

Rupture of acute cortical abscess into the perinephric space

19
Q

What occurs in class I renal trauma?

A

Subcapsular haematoma

20
Q

What occurs in class I renal trauma?

A

Laceration <1cm parenchymal depth with no urinary extravasation

21
Q

What occurs in class III renal trauma?

A

Laceration >1cm parenchymal depth

22
Q

What occurs in class IV renal trauma?

A

Laceration though cortex, medulla and collecting system

23
Q

What occurs in class V renal trauma?

A

Shattered kidney

24
Q

What should imaging occur in urology?

A

Visible haematuria
Non-visible haematuria in kids
Non-visible haematuria and shock
Penetrating injury with haematuria

25
Q

Bladder injury is commonly associated with which fracture?

A

Pelvic

26
Q

A posterior urethral injury is commonly associated with which fracture?

A

Pubic rami

27
Q

When does penile fracture occur?

A

During intercouse - penis slips out of vagina and strikes pubis

Renal (14 decks)

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