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Renal > Kidneys in Systemic Disease > Flashcards

Kidneys in Systemic Disease Flashcards

1
Q

Diabetic nephropathy will develop quickly. True/false?

A

False - takes decades

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2
Q

Diabetic nephropathy causes constriction/dilatation of the efferent arteriole?

A

Constriction

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3
Q

What is the earliest sign of diabetic nephropathy?

A

Microalbuminuria

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4
Q

How is diabetic nephropathy managed?

A

Glycaemic control
Anti-hypertensives (ACEIs/ARBs)
Lipid control

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5
Q

What is the gold standard treatment for diabetic nephropathy?

A

Kidney-pancreas transplant

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6
Q

What occurs in ischaemic nephropathy?

A

Reduced GFR with reduced renal blood flow

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7
Q

Give some causes of ischaemic nephropathy

A

Essential hypertension
Renal artery stenosis
Fibromuscular dysplasia

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8
Q

How can renal artery stenosis present?

A

AKI after treatment of hypertension
Abdominal bruit
Atherosclerotic disease
Different sized kidneys

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9
Q

What imaging is used for renal artery stenosis?

A

Renal ultrasound

Renal artery duplex studies

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10
Q

What is the medical treatment of renal artery stenosis?

A

Statin
Anti-platelet
ACE inhibitor

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11
Q

When are ACE inhibitors contra-indicated in renal artery stenosis?

A

When it is bilateral

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12
Q

What is fibromuscular dysplasia?

A

A narrowing of both renal arteries

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13
Q

What occurs in cardiorenal syndrome?

A

Decreased CO leads to decreased renal perfusion, impairing renal function and increasing Na and H2O retention decreasing cardiac performance

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14
Q

What is myeloma?

A

A cancer of the plasma cells

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15
Q

How can myeloma cause renal dysfunction?

A

As there is production of abnormal antibodies

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16
Q

What is the classic presentation of myeloma?

A

Back pain and renal failure

17
Q

Give some other signs and symptoms of myeloma?

A 
Anaemia
Hypercalcaemia
Weakness
Fatigue
Weight loss
18
Q

What structures in the kidney are affected by myeloma?

A

Glomerulus

Tubule

19
Q

How is myeloma diagnosed?

A

Serum protein electrophoresis (bloods)

Bence Jones protein (urine)

20
Q

How is myeloma managed?

A

Chemotherapy

Stem cell transplant

21
Q

What antibodies can be found in ANCA+ve vasculitis?

A

ANCA
Anti-MPO
Anti-PR3

22
Q

Anti-PR3 antibodies are indicative of which vasculitis?

A

GPA

23
Q

Anti-MPO antibodies are indicative of which vasculitis?

A

Microscopic polyangiitis

24
Q

How is small vessel vasculitis managed?

A

Steroids

Cyclophosphamide

25
Q

What is the classic presentation of SLE?

A

Young women with malar rash and joint pain

26
Q

What is the commonest sign of lupus nephritis?

A

Proteinuria

27
Q

How can lupus nephritis be diagnosed?

A

Renal biopsy

Renal (14 decks)

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