Pathology Flashcards
Glomerulonephritis is non-infective while pyelonephritis is infective. True/false?
True
What is pyelonephritis?
A bacterial infection of renal pelvis, calyces, tubules and interstitium
What is the commonest organism causing pyelonephritis?
E. coli
What is the usual pathogenesis of pyelonephritis?
Ascending infection from distal urinary tract
Give some risk factors for pyelonephritis
Young and female Pregnant UT obstruction Vesico-ureteric reflux Diabetes
How does tuberculosis lead to pyelonephritis?
As it spreads haematogenously from a focus in the lung
What grow slowly in the kidneys in TB pyelonephritis?
Caseous foci
What bacteria can cause cystitis?
E.coli
Klebsiella
Proteus
Pseudomonas
What is hydronephrosis?
A dilatation of the pelvicalyceal system
What is the main cause of hydronephrosis?
Urinary tract obstruction distal to kidney
Sudden hydronephrosis causes massive pelvicalyceal dilation. True/false?
False - sudden hydronephrosis causes urine production to cease
What are the pathological features of hydronephrosis?
Cortical thinning, atrophy and fibrosis
