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Renal > Glomerulonephritis Types > Flashcards

Glomerulonephritis Types Flashcards

1
Q

What are the hallmarks of nephrotic syndrome?

A

Oedema
Hyperlipidaemia
Hypoalbuminaemia
Proteinuria

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2
Q

What are the hallmarks of nephritic syndrome?

A

Oedema
Oliguria
Haematuria

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3
Q

Minimal change disease causes nephrotic/nephritic syndrome?

A

Nephrotic syndrome

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4
Q

What cell type is damaged in minimal change disease?

A

Podocytes

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5
Q

What occurs in minimal change disease?

A

T cells release cytokines that damage the foot processes of podocytes

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6
Q

What effect does damaged foot processes have on filtration?

A

Causes filtration of large plasma proteins

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7
Q

How is minimal change disease diagnosed?

A

Electron microscopy

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8
Q

How is minimal change disease treated?

A

Corticosteroid therapy

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9
Q

In FSGS, there is nephritic/nephrotic syndrome?

A

Nephrotic syndrome

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10
Q

What occurs in FSGS?

A

Plasma proteins/lipids get trapped in the glomerulus causing sclerosis and damaged foot processes

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11
Q

What are the causes of secondary FSGS?

A

HIV

Heroin abuse

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12
Q

How is FSGS treated?

A

Corticosteroid therapy

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13
Q

In IgA nephropathy there is nephritic/nephrotic syndrome?

A

Nephritic syndrome

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14
Q

What happens in IgA nephropathy?

A

IgA complexes are deposited in the mesangium causing glomerular injury and haematuria

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15
Q

IgA nephropathy is what type hypersensitivity?

A

Type III

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16
Q

What are the signs of IgA nephropathy on light/electron microscopy?

A

Light microscopy - mesangial proliferation

Electron microscopy - immune complex deposition

17
Q

How is IgA nephropathy treated?

A

Antihypertensives and corticosteroids

18
Q

In membranous nephropathy, there is nephritic/nephrotic syndrome?

A

Nephrotic syndrome

19
Q

What occurs in membranous nephropathy?

A

There is immune complex deposition between the basement membrane and podocyte

20
Q

What aspect of the immune system do the immune complexes in membranous nephropathy activate?

A

Complement

21
Q

What are the features of membranous nephropathy on electron microscopy?

A

Spike and dome GBM

Effacement of foot processes

22
Q

How is primary membranous nephropathy treated?

A

Steroids

23
Q

Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis is a cause of nephritic/nephrotic syndrome?

A

Nephritic syndrome

24
Q

What occurs in rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis?

A

Crescents develop due to the glomerular basement membrane being damaged

25
Q

Type I RPGN is caused by what?

A

Goodpasture’s syndrome

26
Q

Type II RPGN is caused by what?

A

Immune complex deposition - lupus/IgA nephropathy/HSP

27
Q

Type III RPGN is caused by what?

A

ANCA - GPA/MPA/eGPA

28
Q

How is RPGN treated?

A

Anti-coagulants
Plasmapheresis
Immunosuppression

Renal (14 decks)

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