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Renal > Acute Kidney Injury > Flashcards

Acute Kidney Injury Flashcards

1
Q

What three factors define an AKI?

A

Increase in serum creatinine by >26.4
Increase in creatinine by >50%
Reduction in urine output

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2
Q

Over what time period does an AKI occur?

A

Less than 48 hours

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3
Q

Give some patient risk factors for an AKI

A 
Age
CKD
Diabetes
Cardiac failure
Liver disease
Previous AKI
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4
Q

Give some exposure risk factors for an AKI

A 
Hypotension
Sepsis
Deteriorating NEWS
Contrast
Medication
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5
Q

How are causes of an AKI divided anatomically?

A

Pre-renal
Renal
Post-renal

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6
Q

Give some pre-renal causes of an AKI

A

Hypovolaemia
Hypotension
Renal hypoperfusion

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7
Q

What are the signs of a pre-renal AKI?

A

Oliguria (<0.5mls/kg/hr)

Increase in creatinine

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8
Q

Untreated pre-renal AKI leads to what condition?

A

Acute tubular necrosis

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9
Q

How is pre-renal AKI treated?

A

0.9% NaCl as a 250ml bolus, then reassess and repeat

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10
Q

What is a renal AKI?

A

Diseases causing inflammation or damage to kidney cells causing AKI

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11
Q

Give some causes of renal AKI

A 
Vasculitis
GN
Drugs
TB
Ischaemia
Rhabdomyolysis
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12
Q

What are some symptoms of renal AKI?

A

Anorexia
Weight loss
Nausea and vomiting
Itch

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13
Q

What are some signs of renal AKI?

A

Pulmonary oedema
Effusions
Uraemia
Oliguria

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14
Q

What are some initial investigations for renal AKI?

A 
U&amp;Es (potassium)
FBC
Urinalysis
USS
Immunology
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15
Q

How is renal AKI treated?

A

Fluid resus
Treat underlying cause
Stop nephrotoxics
Dialysis

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16
Q

Give some life-threatening complications of AKI

A 
Hyperkalaemia
Fluid overload
Severe acidosis
Uraemic pericardial effusion
Severe uraemia
17
Q

What occurs in a post-renal AKI?

A

AKI due to obstruction of urine flow causing back pressure and loss of concentrating ability

18
Q

What is the sign of hyperkalaemia on ECG?

A

Tall T waves

19
Q

How is hyperkalaemia treated?

A

10mls 10% calcium gluconate stat
Insulin & 50mls 50% dextrose
Salbutamol nebs

20
Q

When should a patient with AKI be on dialysis?

A

K > 6.5 and unresponsive to medical therapy
Severe acidosis
Fluid overload
Urea > 40

Renal (14 decks)

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