Biochemistry

Question 1

What is the ideal marker of glomerular filtration (IN THEORY)?

Answer 1

Inulin

Question 2

Why is inulin not used to measure GFR?

Answer 2

It is not endogenous and is difficult to measure

Question 3

What is the main marker used to measure GFR?

Answer 3

Creatinine

Question 4

Some creatinine is secreted into the renal tubule. True/false?

Answer 4

True

Question 5

Creatinine is a good marker of GFR when GFR is high. True/false?

Answer 5

False - only rises slightly when GFR falls from 120 to 60

Question 6

How is clearance of creatinine calculated?

Answer 6

(Urine creatinine concentration x urine volume) / (Serum creatinine concentration x duration of collection)

Question 7

What are some of the confounders of serum creatinine?

Answer 7

Age
Sex
Muscle mass
Diet

Question 8

A man with lots of muscle mass will have a low GFR. True/false?

Answer 8

False - high GFR in comparison to woman with low muscle mass

Question 9

What value takes the confounders of creatinine into account?

Answer 9

eGFR

Question 10

When is inulin clearance used to get a GFR value?

Answer 10

When GFR >60 and an accurate value is needed

Question 11

Protein in the urine suggests damage to what structure in the kidney?

Answer 11

Glomerulus

Question 12

What is microalbuminuria?

Answer 12

Excretion of albumin in abnormal quantities but below limit of protein detection by dipstick

Question 13

Microalbuminuria is commonly the earliest sign of what?

Answer 13

Diabetic nephropathy

Question 14

If urine osmolality is the same as serum osmolality what does it suggest?

Answer 14

Renal tubular function has failed