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Renal > Upper Renal Tract Anatomy > Flashcards

Upper Renal Tract Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Outline the pathway of urine from production to excretion

A

Kidney (production) -> ureter -> bladder -> urethra

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2
Q

What organs are found in the upper urinary tract?

A

Kidneys and ureters

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3
Q

What organs are found in the lower urinary tract?

A

Bladder

Urethra

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4
Q

What urinary tract organs are found in the abdomen?

A

Kidneys

Proximal ureters

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5
Q

What urinary tract organs are found in the pelvis?

A

Distal ureters
Bladder
Proximal urethra

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6
Q

What urinary tract organ is found in the perineum?

A

Distal urethra

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7
Q

The kidneys are retro/sub-peritoneal organs

A

Retroperitoneal organs

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8
Q

The renal hilum is the medial/lateral aspect of the kidney

A

Medial

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9
Q

The renal hilum is the site of the main blood vessels and ureter. True/false?

A

True

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10
Q

At the hilum, the renal artery sits anterior/posterior to the renal vein

A

Posterior (vein is anterior to artery)

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11
Q

What are the layers of fat sitting anterior to the kidney?

A

Paranephric and perinephric (paranephric is more superficial)

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12
Q

The right kidney sits at which vertebral level?

A

L1-L3

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13
Q

The left kidney sits at which vertebral level?

A

T12-L2

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14
Q

The kidneys are found in which abdominal regions?

A

Right and left lumbar/flank regions

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15
Q

The renal arteries and veins are branches of which structures?

A

Arteries - abdominal aorta

Veins - inferior vena cava

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16
Q

Branches of what arteries supply the ureter?

A

Renal artery
Abdominal aorta
Common/internal iliac arteries
Vesical artery

17
Q

Lymph from the kidneys drain to which nodes?

A

Lumbar nodes

18
Q

Lymph from the ureters drain to which nodes?

A

Lumbar and iliac nodes

19
Q

What structure gives the kidney its shape?

A

Renal capsule

20
Q

Nephrons are found in the renal medulla/cortex

A

Medulla

21
Q

From proximal to distal, what are the structures of a nephron?

A 
Glomerulus
Proximal convoluted tubule
Loop of Henle
Distal convoluted tubule
Collecting duct 
Minor calyx
22
Q

What are the anatomical sites of ureteric constriction?

A

Pelviureteric junction
Ureter crossing of common iliac artery
Ureteric orifice

23
Q

What can get stuck at the sites of ureteric constriction?

A

Renal calculi

24
Q

Obstruction of the ureter causes what kind of pain?

A

Colicky pain

25
Q

What is renal failure?

A

When pressure within the urinary tract exceeds pressure favouring filtration at glomerulus

26
Q

What happens in hydronephrosis?

A

Urine back pressure into calyces compresses nephrons causing water in kidney

Renal (14 decks)

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