Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Renal > Urological Emergencies > Flashcards

Urological Emergencies Flashcards

1
Q

Acute urinary retention can be a complication of:

A

BPH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Symptoms of urinary retention

A

Inability to urinate with inreasing pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Precipitating factors of urinary retention

A

Surgery, Catheter, anaesthesia, meds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Treatment for urinary retention

A

Catheter

Uroselective alpha blocker (Tamsulosin) before TWOC if

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Complication of acute urinary retention

A

Post-obstructive diuresis (chronic outflow obstruction with uraemia, oedema, HT, diuresis and inability to concentrate urine)
Haematuria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Treatment for post-obstructive diuresis

A

Monitor fluid output, should be less than 200ml/hour

Severe cases: IV fluids, Na replacement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Treatment of ureteric colic

A

NSAID
Opiate
Alpha blocker (Tamsulosin) for small stones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

When is intervention required for a stone?

A

If stone hasn’t passed in 1 month = Stent, stone fragmentation, nephrostomy for hydronephrosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Indications for stone surgery

A

Pain unrelieved
Fever
N+V persistent
High grade obstruction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Investigations for frank haematuria

A

CT urogram

Cystoscopy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Symptoms of torsion of spermatic cord

A

Sudden onset pain, refers to lower abdo

N+V

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

On examination of spermatic cord torsion

A

Testis high in scrotum, absence of cremasteric reflex

Acute hydrocele may obliterate landmarks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Investigations for spermatic cord torsion

A

Doppler US

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Treatment for spermatic cord torsion

A

Exploration
Remove testes if necrotic
Fix contralateral side

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Symptoms and signs of appendix testes torsion

A

Local tenderness at upper pole, blue dot sign

Mobile testes, cremasteric reflex present

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Treatment for appendix testes torsion

A

Self-limiting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Symptoms and signs of epididymitis

A

Dysuria, pyuria, history of UTI/urethritis/catheter

Cremasteric reflex present

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Investigations for epididymitis

A

Doppler US - swollen, increased blood flow
Urine culture
Chlamydia PCR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Treatmetn for epididymitis

A

Analgesia
Scrotal support
Bed rest
Ofloxacin 14 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Symptoms and signs of idiopathic scrotal oedema

A

No fever, tenderness minimal
Pruritis
Self-limiting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Paraphimosis

A

Retraction and swelling of foreskin

Often happens after catheterisation and foreskin not returned to normal position

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Treatment for paraphimosis

A 
Iced glove
Granulated sugar for 1-2 hours
Punctures in oedematous skin
Compression of glans and traction of foreskin
Dorsal slit
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Priapism

A

Prolonged erection >4 hours

Often painful, not associated with sexual arousal

24
Q

Causes of priapism

A

Trauma
Intracorporeal injection for ED
Neurological conditions
Idiopathic

25
Q

Ischaemic priapism

A

Veno-occlusive or low flow
Vascular stasis in penis and decreased venous outflow = compartment syndrome
Corpus cavernosa rigid and tender

26
Q

Non-ischaemic priapism

A

Arterial or high flow
Unregulated blood entry and filling due to trauma
Fistula

27
Q

Investigations for priapism

A

Aspirate blood (dark = low o2/high co2 = low flow/ischaemic). (normal = high flow/non-ischaemic)

28
Q

Treatment of ischaemic priapism

A

Aspiration, irrigation with saline, alpha agonist injection, surgical shunt
>48-72 hours: unlikely to respond, prosthesis

29
Q

Treatment of non-ishchaemic priapism

A

Observe - may resolve spontaneously

Arterial embolisation with non-permanent material

30
Q

Fournier’s gangrene

A

Form of necrotising fasciitis in male genitalia

31
Q

Symptoms of fournier’s gangrene

A

Starts as cellulitis: redness, swelling, pain, fever

Swelling and crepitus of scrotum, dark purple areas

32
Q

Investigation of fournier’s gangrene

A

Plain xray or US to confirm gas

33
Q

Treatment of fourniers

A

Debridement

Antibiotics

34
Q

Emphysematous pyelonephritis

A

Acute necrotising parenchymal and perirenal infection caused by gas forming pathogens, e.g. E. coli
In diabetics or obstruction

35
Q

Symptoms of emphysematous pyelonephritis

A

Fever, vomiting, flank pain

36
Q

Investigations for emphysematous pyelonephritis

A

Xray (KUB), CT - show gas

37
Q

Treatment of emphysematous pyelonephritis

A

Nephrectomy

38
Q

Perinephric abscess

A

Usually results from rupture of acute cortical abscess into perinephric space OR haematogenous spread

39
Q

Symptoms of perinephric abscess

A

Flank mass, may be fever

High WCC, pyuria, high serum creatinine

40
Q

Investigations for perinephric abscess

A

CT

41
Q

Treatment of perinephric abscess

A

Antibiotics

Percutaneous/surgical drainage

42
Q

Types of renal trauma

A

I: haematoma
II: 1cm laceration
IV: laceration through cortex, medulla, collecting parts
V: shattered kidney, avulsion of hilum

43
Q

Indications for kidney imaging

A

Frank haematuria in adult
Frank or ocult haematuria in child
Occult haematuria and shock
Penetrating injury with occult/frank haematuria

44
Q

Investigations for renal trauma

A

CT with contrast

45
Q

Treatmetn for renal trauma

A

Embolisation/angiography

Surgery

46
Q

Bladder injury is commonly associated with:

A

pelvic fracture

47
Q

Symptoms of bladder injury

A

Suprapubic/abdo pain, inability to void, lower abdo bruising, guarding, rigidity, diminished bowel sounds

48
Q

Investigations for bladder injury

A

Retrograde urethrogram

CT cystography

49
Q

Sign of extraperitoneal injury

A

Flame shaped collection of contrast in pelvis

50
Q

Treatment of bladder injury

A

Large bore catheter, antibiotics, repeat cystogram 14 days

Immediate repair if intraperitoneal injury/#/penetrating injury

51
Q

Posterior urethral injury assocatied with

A

Pubic ramus fracture

52
Q

Signs of urethral injury

A

Blood at meatus, inability to urinate, palpable bladder, high riding prostate, butterfly perineal haematoma

53
Q

Investigation of urethral injury

A

Retrograde urethrogram

54
Q

Treatment for urethral injury

A

Suprapubic catheter

Delayed reconstruction after 3 months

55
Q

Penile fracture

A

Happens during intercourse - buckling injury

Cracking/popping sound, pain, rapidly flacid, discolouration, swelling

56
Q

Treatment of penile fracture

A

Exploration and repair

Circumcision incision, deglove penis to expose 3 compartments

57
Q

Investigation for testicular injury

A

US

Renal (19 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions