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Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

False pelvis

A

Iliac crests to pelvic inlet

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2
Q

True pelvis

A

Pelvic inlet to pelvic floor

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3
Q

Perineum

A

Between pelvic floor and skin

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4
Q

Route of ureters

A

Anterior to common iliac vessels into pelvis
Turn medially at ischial spine
Enter bladder posteriorly/inferomedially
Posterior to uterine artery, medial to suspensory lig of ovary, over vas def
Subperitoneal

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5
Q

Round ligament of uterus

A

Attaches uterus to peritoneum via inguinal canal

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6
Q

Branches of internal iliac artery

A

Vesical arteries
Uterine and vaginal artery
Middle rectal artery

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7
Q

Neck of male bladder

A

Detrusor muscle thickens to form internal urethral sphincter (contracts during ejaculation)

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8
Q

Inside the scrotum the testes sit in a sac called:

A

tunica vaginalis

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9
Q

Excess fluid in tunica vaginalis

A

Hydrocele

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10
Q

Left gonadal vein drains to:

A

Left renal vein

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11
Q

How is ejaculatory duct formed?

A

Seminal duct + vas deferens

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12
Q

Most prostate cancers arise from what zone of prostate?

A

Peripheral zone

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13
Q

Root of penis laterally attached to:

A

Ischium

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14
Q

What part transmits deep arteries of penis?

A

Corpus cavernosum

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15
Q

What part expands to form glans?

A

Corpus spongiosum

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16
Q

Paraphimosis

A

Retraction of foreskin behind glans, swelling

Tx: squeeze out oedema, surgery/circumcision

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17
Q

Blood to penis

A

Deep artery of penis (from internal pudendal, off internal iliac)

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18
Q

Blood to scrotum

A

Internal pudendal (off internal iliac) and branches of external iliac

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19
Q

Lymph from scrotum and most of penis

A

Superficial inguinal nodes

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20
Q

Lymph from testes

A

Lumbar nodes

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21
Q

Level of bifurcation of aorta

A

L4

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22
Q

Level of kidneys

A

Left: T12-L2
Right:L1-3

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23
Q

Kidneys lie lateral and anterior to what muscles?

A

Lateral to psoas

Anterior to quadratus lumborum

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24
Q

Layers around kidneys

A 
Capsule
Perinephric fat
Deep/Renal fascia
Paranephric fat
Superficial fascia/Visceral peritoneum
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25
Deepest part of peritoneal cavity
Hepatorenal recess (part of greater sac)
26
Which are anterior, renal veins or arteries?
Renal veins
27
Which are anterior, iliac veins or arteries?
Iliac arteries
28
Ureteric blood supply
Renaly artery, abdo aorta, Common iliac, internal iliac, vesical artery
29
Lymph from kidneys
Lumbar nodes
30
Lymph from ureters
Lumbar and Iliac nodes
31
Cause of supra-renal AAA and renal artery stenosis
Occlusion of renal arteries
32
Cause of infrarenal AAA and renal artery stenosis
Atherosclerosis
33
How many pyramids in each medulla?
27
34
Connection between multiple kidney stones
Staghorn calculus
35
Filling defect suggests:
Stone
36
Hydronephrosis
Water in the kidney due to backpressure | Painful stretching of capsule and enlargement
37
5 types of nerve fibre
``` Somatic sensory Visceral afferent Somatic motor Parasympathetic Sympathetic ```
38
Where do sympathetic fibres leave the CNS?
Spinal nerves between T1-L2 (thoracolumbar outflow)
39
How do sympathetic fibres reach glands of body wall?
In spinal nerves
40
How do sympathetic fibres reach glands within body?
Splanchnic nerves (cardiopulmonary or abdominopelvic)
41
How do sympathetic fibres reach glands in the head?
Arteries
42
What type of nerve fibres do spinal nerves contain?
Somatic motor, sensory, sympathetic
43
How do sympathetic fibres get to kidneys, ureters and bladder?
Leave spinal cord at T10-L2 Enter symp chain but do not synapse Leave chain in abdominopelvic splanchnic nerves Synapse in ganglia around aorta and follow periarterial plexus
44
How do parasympathetic fibres leave the CNS?
III, VII, IX, X and sacrospinal nerves
45
What do parasympathetic fibres innervate?
Organs (NOT body wall)
46
How do para fibres reach glands of head?
CNs
47
How do para fibres reach the hindgut and pelvic organs?
Pelvic splanchnic nerves
48
Are para fibres carried in spinal nerves?
Only for short distance in sacral spinal nerves
49
How do para fibres get to kidneys, ureters and bladder?
Kidneys and ureter: CN X | Bladder: pelvic splanchnic nerves (S2-4)
50
Somatic motor supply to renal system
Perineum - urethra, ext anal sphincter, levator ani | S2-4
51
Innervation of detrusor
Pelvic splanchnic nerves (para) S2-4
52
Nerves to internal urethral sphincter
``` Symp = contraction Para = relaxation ```
53
Nerves to external anal sphincter
Pudendal nerve S2-4
54
Nerves to levator ani
S3-4
55
How do visceral afferents from kidneys and ureters get to CNS?
Enter symp fibres T11-L2 | Dermatomal pain
56
How do visceral afferents from bladder get to CNS?
Part touching peritoneum: enter symp fibres T11-L2 = suprapubic Rest of bladder: para fibres enter spinal cord S2-4
57
How do visceral afferents from urethra get to CNS?
``` Proximal urethra (above levator ani): para fibres enter spinal cord S2-4 = suprapubic Distal urethra: pudendal nerve S2-4 = localised ```
58
How do pain fibres get from testes to CNS?
Symp back to spinal cord T10-11 = suprpubic | Localised body wall L1
59
Lumbosacral plexus
L1-S4 - Sciatic nerve L4-S3 - Pudendal nerve S2-4
60
Lumbar plexus
``` Iliohypogastric L1 Ilioinguinal L1 Lateral cutaneous nerve of thigh L2-3 Genitofemoral nerve L1-2 Femoral L2-4 Obturator L2-4 ```

Renal (19 decks)

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