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Renal > Anatomy > Flashcards

Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

False pelvis

A

Iliac crests to pelvic inlet

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2
Q

True pelvis

A

Pelvic inlet to pelvic floor

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3
Q

Perineum

A

Between pelvic floor and skin

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4
Q

Route of ureters

A

Anterior to common iliac vessels into pelvis
Turn medially at ischial spine
Enter bladder posteriorly/inferomedially
Posterior to uterine artery, medial to suspensory lig of ovary, over vas def
Subperitoneal

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5
Q

Round ligament of uterus

A

Attaches uterus to peritoneum via inguinal canal

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6
Q

Branches of internal iliac artery

A

Vesical arteries
Uterine and vaginal artery
Middle rectal artery

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7
Q

Neck of male bladder

A

Detrusor muscle thickens to form internal urethral sphincter (contracts during ejaculation)

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8
Q

Inside the scrotum the testes sit in a sac called:

A

tunica vaginalis

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9
Q

Excess fluid in tunica vaginalis

A

Hydrocele

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10
Q

Left gonadal vein drains to:

A

Left renal vein

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11
Q

How is ejaculatory duct formed?

A

Seminal duct + vas deferens

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12
Q

Most prostate cancers arise from what zone of prostate?

A

Peripheral zone

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13
Q

Root of penis laterally attached to:

A

Ischium

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14
Q

What part transmits deep arteries of penis?

A

Corpus cavernosum

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15
Q

What part expands to form glans?

A

Corpus spongiosum

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16
Q

Paraphimosis

A

Retraction of foreskin behind glans, swelling

Tx: squeeze out oedema, surgery/circumcision

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17
Q

Blood to penis

A

Deep artery of penis (from internal pudendal, off internal iliac)

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18
Q

Blood to scrotum

A

Internal pudendal (off internal iliac) and branches of external iliac

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19
Q

Lymph from scrotum and most of penis

A

Superficial inguinal nodes

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20
Q

Lymph from testes

A

Lumbar nodes

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21
Q

Level of bifurcation of aorta

A

L4

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22
Q

Level of kidneys

A

Left: T12-L2
Right:L1-3

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23
Q

Kidneys lie lateral and anterior to what muscles?

A

Lateral to psoas

Anterior to quadratus lumborum

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24
Q

Layers around kidneys

A 
Capsule
Perinephric fat
Deep/Renal fascia
Paranephric fat
Superficial fascia/Visceral peritoneum
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25
Q

Deepest part of peritoneal cavity

A

Hepatorenal recess (part of greater sac)

26
Q

Which are anterior, renal veins or arteries?

A

Renal veins

27
Q

Which are anterior, iliac veins or arteries?

A

Iliac arteries

28
Q

Ureteric blood supply

A

Renaly artery, abdo aorta, Common iliac, internal iliac, vesical artery

29
Q

Lymph from kidneys

A

Lumbar nodes

30
Q

Lymph from ureters

A

Lumbar and Iliac nodes

31
Q

Cause of supra-renal AAA and renal artery stenosis

A

Occlusion of renal arteries

32
Q

Cause of infrarenal AAA and renal artery stenosis

A

Atherosclerosis

33
Q

How many pyramids in each medulla?

A

27

34
Q

Connection between multiple kidney stones

A

Staghorn calculus

35
Q

Filling defect suggests:

A

Stone

36
Q

Hydronephrosis

A

Water in the kidney due to backpressure

Painful stretching of capsule and enlargement

37
Q

5 types of nerve fibre

A 
Somatic sensory
Visceral afferent
Somatic motor
Parasympathetic
Sympathetic
38
Q

Where do sympathetic fibres leave the CNS?

A

Spinal nerves between T1-L2 (thoracolumbar outflow)

39
Q

How do sympathetic fibres reach glands of body wall?

A

In spinal nerves

40
Q

How do sympathetic fibres reach glands within body?

A

Splanchnic nerves (cardiopulmonary or abdominopelvic)

41
Q

How do sympathetic fibres reach glands in the head?

A

Arteries

42
Q

What type of nerve fibres do spinal nerves contain?

A

Somatic motor, sensory, sympathetic

43
Q

How do sympathetic fibres get to kidneys, ureters and bladder?

A

Leave spinal cord at T10-L2
Enter symp chain but do not synapse
Leave chain in abdominopelvic splanchnic nerves
Synapse in ganglia around aorta and follow periarterial plexus

44
Q

How do parasympathetic fibres leave the CNS?

A

III, VII, IX, X and sacrospinal nerves

45
Q

What do parasympathetic fibres innervate?

A

Organs (NOT body wall)

46
Q

How do para fibres reach glands of head?

A

CNs

47
Q

How do para fibres reach the hindgut and pelvic organs?

A

Pelvic splanchnic nerves

48
Q

Are para fibres carried in spinal nerves?

A

Only for short distance in sacral spinal nerves

49
Q

How do para fibres get to kidneys, ureters and bladder?

A

Kidneys and ureter: CN X

Bladder: pelvic splanchnic nerves (S2-4)

50
Q

Somatic motor supply to renal system

A

Perineum - urethra, ext anal sphincter, levator ani

S2-4

51
Q

Innervation of detrusor

A

Pelvic splanchnic nerves (para) S2-4

52
Q

Nerves to internal urethral sphincter

A 
Symp = contraction
Para = relaxation
53
Q

Nerves to external anal sphincter

A

Pudendal nerve S2-4

54
Q

Nerves to levator ani

A

S3-4

55
Q

How do visceral afferents from kidneys and ureters get to CNS?

A

Enter symp fibres T11-L2

Dermatomal pain

56
Q

How do visceral afferents from bladder get to CNS?

A

Part touching peritoneum: enter symp fibres T11-L2 = suprapubic
Rest of bladder: para fibres enter spinal cord S2-4

57
Q

How do visceral afferents from urethra get to CNS?

A 
Proximal urethra (above levator ani): para fibres enter spinal cord S2-4 = suprapubic
Distal urethra: pudendal nerve S2-4 = localised
58
Q

How do pain fibres get from testes to CNS?

A

Symp back to spinal cord T10-11 = suprpubic

Localised body wall L1

59
Q

Lumbosacral plexus

A

L1-S4

  • Sciatic nerve L4-S3
  • Pudendal nerve S2-4
60
Q

Lumbar plexus

A 
Iliohypogastric L1
Ilioinguinal L1
Lateral cutaneous nerve of thigh L2-3
Genitofemoral nerve L1-2
Femoral L2-4
Obturator L2-4

Renal (19 decks)

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