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Renal > Biochemistry > Flashcards

Biochemistry Flashcards

1
Q

How do you assess glomerular function?

A

GFR

Proteinuria

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2
Q

Ideal GFR marker

A 
Appear at constant rate
Freely filtered
Not secreted
Not reabsorbed
No extra-renal elimination
Endogenous and easy to measure
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3
Q

Inulin

A 
Appears at constant rate
Freely filtered
Not secreted
Not reabsorbed
No extra-renal elimination
NOT endogenous
NOT easy to measure
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4
Q

Urea

A 
Does NOT appear at constant rate
Freely filtered
NOT secreted
Reabsorbed
Extra-renal elimination
Endogenous and easy to measure
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5
Q

Where does urea cycle occur?

A

In liver

End product of protein metabolism

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6
Q

How is urea excreted?

A

3/4 by kidneys

1/4 extra-renal

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7
Q

Creatinine

A 
Appears at constant rate
Freely filtered
Secreted
Not reabsorbed
No extra-renal elimination
Endogneous and easy to measure
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8
Q

Serum creatinine confounders

A

Age
Sex
Muscle mass
Diet

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9
Q

Clearance

A

Volume of plasma cleared of a substance per minute

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10
Q

How to calculate clearance?

A

[creatinine]urine x urine volume / [creatinine]serum x duration of collection

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11
Q

How much protein indicates significant glomerular damage?

A

Over 150mg/day

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12
Q

Overflow

A

Bence Jones proteins

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13
Q

Glomerular

A

Albuminuria

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14
Q

Tubular

A

Microglobulinuria

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15
Q

Secreted

A

Tamm-Horsfall proteinuria

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16
Q

Symptoms of nephrotic syndrome

A

Facial oedema
Peripheral oedema
Proteinuria
Hypoalbuminaemia

17
Q

Microalbuminuria

A

Excretion of albumin in abnormal quantities but below detection of urine dipstick
Earliest expression of diabetic nephropathy
ACEI

18
Q

Urine Na in pre-renal failure and renal damage

A

Pre-renal: low Na (less than 20)

Renal: high Na (over 40)

19
Q

Urine:serum urea in pre-renal and renal

A

Pre-renal: over 10:1

Renal: less than 3:1

20
Q

Urine:serum osmolarity in pre-renal and renal

A

Pre-renal: over 1.5:1

Renal: less than 1.1:1

21
Q

Normal serum osmolality

Renal (19 decks)

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