CKD Flashcards
1
Q
CKD = increased risk of
A
Peptic ulcers
Cardiovascular problems
2
Q
Extra-renal manifestations
A
Gouty tophi Splinter haemorrhages (haematuria, proteinuria)
3
Q
Asymptomatic range of proteinuria
A
less than 1g
4
Q
Heavy proteinuria range
A
1-3g/day
5
Q
Nephrotic proteinuria range
A
over 3g/day
6
Q
Isomorphic RBCs
A
LUT
Round
7
Q
Dysmorphic RBCs
A
UUT
Squished, escaping
8
Q
Hyaline casts
A
Benign
9
Q
Red cell casts
A
Always pathological
Nephritic syndrome
Dysmorphic red cells
Bleeding through glomerulus into tubule
10
Q
Leukocyte casts
A
Infection or inflammation
11
Q
Granular casts
A
CKD
12
Q
Severe renal impairment ECG
A
Tall r waves, depressed ST segment, inverted T waves
13
Q
CKD stages
A
Stage 1: over 90 with kidney damage (proteinuria or abnormality on scanning) Stage 2: 60-90 with kidney damage Stage 3: 30-60 Stage 4: 15-30 Stage 5: less than 15
14
Q
Define CKD
A
Reduced GFR and kidney damage
15
Q
How to assess CKD
A
Urinalysis - proteinuria, haematuria Nuclear medicine (radioactive label) Creatinine clearance (eGFR) Serum creatinine ACR UandEs