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pathology boards > urogenital, GI, metabolic diseases > Flashcards

urogenital, GI, metabolic diseases Flashcards

1
Q

cervical cancer

A

HPV 16 virus implicated

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2
Q

cryptochism

A

can cause testicular cancer

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3
Q

endometriosis

A

most common site is the ovary

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4
Q

epispadias

A

urethra exits on the dorsal surface of the penis

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5
Q

hypospadias

A

urethra opens on ventral surface of penis

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6
Q

Increased HcG

A

pregnancy or hydatidiform mole (non-viable embryo that has implanted)

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7
Q

Leiomyoma

A

tumor of smooth muscle. fibroids in the uterus

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8
Q

polycystic ovary disease

A

anovulation, obesity, hirsutism (excess hair on body and face)

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9
Q

seminoma

A

cancer of testes, most common cause of testicular cancer, mesenchymal/ stem cells

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10
Q

congenital syphilis

A

hutchinsons teeth- notched permanent upper incisors
rhagades- fissures or cracks at edge of mouth
saddle nose deformity- bridge of nose flattened
sabre blade tibia
interstitial keratitis- produces visual change.
(deafness sometimes)

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11
Q

acquired syphilis primary

A

primary: hard singular painless nodule (chancre) on perineum

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12
Q

acquired syphilis secondary

A

maculopapular rash and condylomata lata (flat warts on the vulva)

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13
Q

acquired syphilis latency

A

may or may not have symptoms

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14
Q

acquired syphilis tertiary

A

tabes dorsalis, aortic aneurysm, gummas inclusion body in CNS. Argyll Roberston pupil, aka “prostitute’s pupil” :not react to light, but constricts on accommodation

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15
Q

adie’s pupil

A

tonic pupil dilation (mydriasis) due to injury to CNIII edinger westphal nucleus

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16
Q

miosis

A

tonic pupil constriction due to injury to sympathetic cervical ganglia

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17
Q

chancroid

A

soft painful chancroid caused by Haemophilus ducreyi (gram -ve coccobacillus)

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18
Q

gardnerella vaginalis

A

similar to trichimonas, except bacterial

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19
Q

gonorrhea

A

gram (-) diplococcus, m/c/c PID/salpingitis. Burning urination. pus in urine. may produce arthritis m/c DJD in knee. “coffee bean shaped” organism on microscopy

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20
Q

lymphogranuloma venereum

A

chlamydia= organism. produces rectal strictures. diagnose with frei test.

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21
Q

trichimonas

A

purulent vaginal discharge. green and frothy, fish, foul. protozoan.

22
Q

achalasia

A

spasm of lower esophageal sphincter. causes megaesophagus of upper esophagus. Lack of motility. (due to absence of myenteric plexus)

23
Q

barrett’s esophagus

A

metaplasia of esophageal cells into stomach cells, caused by GERD

24
Q

Budd-Chiari

A

Occlusion of hepatic veins: triad of abdominal pain, ascites and hepatomegaly.
acute= rapid severe upper abdominal pain, jaundice, hepatomegaly, ^liver enzymes, & eventual encephalopathy. Alcoholism

25
Q

celiac disease (non-tropical sprue)

A

intolerance to gluten. loss of villi, therefore loss of absorption. stay on gluten-free diet. (malabsorption syndrome)

26
Q

cholecystitis

A

inflammation of gallbladder #1 cause of gallstones

27
Q

cholelithiasis

A

Gallstones

28
Q

Crohn’s

A

seen in young people. affects distal small intestine (ileum), cecum and ascending colon. (right sided problem). Skip lesions or ‘cobblestone’ appearance. NO BLOODY diarrhea. autoimmune. Aka ‘regional ileitis’, ‘distal ileitis’, ‘regional enteritis’. Leads to dehydration b/c most water reabsorbed in small intestine

29
Q

divertiucla

A

outpouching in the intestine. usually lower left quadrant (sigmoid & descending)

30
Q

dysphagia

A

difficulty swallowing

31
Q

enteritis

A

most common cause of death of children world wide d/t dehydration from diarrhea

32
Q

hemorrhoids

A

most common cause of frank red blood in the stool

33
Q

hischbrung’s

A

congenital megacolon. absence of myenteric plexus= parasympathetic motor plexus.

34
Q

intussusception

A

telescoping of intestine onto itself, can be caused by rotovirus vaccine

35
Q

irritable bowel

A

spastic colon, distention, pain, diarrhea, stress related

36
Q

mallory-weiss syndrome

A

hematemesis (vomiting of blood) d/t alcoholism. lacerations of esophagus and proximal stomach

37
Q

meckel’s diverticulum

A

outpouching of distal ileum

38
Q

peutzjegher’s

A

polyposis characterized by polyps in the entire GI

39
Q

plummer vinson syndrom

A

iron deficiency anemia, cheilosis, esophageal webbing and glossitis

40
Q

pyloric stenosis

A

infant projectile vomitng. in a newborn.

41
Q

sliding hiatal hernia

A

anatomically shortened esophagus

42
Q

steatosis

A

steatosis = fat in stool, problem with GB

43
Q

ulcerative colitis

A

aka toxic megacolon. pathological intestinal changes, ulcers, bloody diarrhea, affects left side of abdomen (descending colon, sigmoid colon) HLAB27 positive lead to sacroilitis and fusion of SI joints

44
Q

volvulus

A

twisting of an organ around its long axis

45
Q

zenker’s diverticulum

A

outpouching of the esophagus

46
Q

diabetes insipidus

A

decreased ADH due to posterior pituitary problem. causes dehydration

47
Q

diabetes mellitus

A

decreased production of insulin by the beta cells of pancreas (islets of langerhans). 1st seen in the eyes. Most commonly die from heart disease or renal failure. produces polydypsia (^thirst), polyurea (^urination), and polyphagia (^hunger)

48
Q

hemochromatosis

A

iron in organs and skin. “bronze diabetes”

49
Q

kwashiorkor

A

protein malnutrition

50
Q

marasmus

A

calorie malnutrition, includes protein

51
Q

wilson’s

A

inborn error of copper metabolism. kayser fleisher rings =copper deposits in eye. hepatolenticular degeneration.

pathology boards (9 decks)

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