urogenital, GI, metabolic diseases Flashcards
cervical cancer
HPV 16 virus implicated
cryptochism
can cause testicular cancer
endometriosis
most common site is the ovary
epispadias
urethra exits on the dorsal surface of the penis
hypospadias
urethra opens on ventral surface of penis
Increased HcG
pregnancy or hydatidiform mole (non-viable embryo that has implanted)
Leiomyoma
tumor of smooth muscle. fibroids in the uterus
polycystic ovary disease
anovulation, obesity, hirsutism (excess hair on body and face)
seminoma
cancer of testes, most common cause of testicular cancer, mesenchymal/ stem cells
congenital syphilis
hutchinsons teeth- notched permanent upper incisors
rhagades- fissures or cracks at edge of mouth
saddle nose deformity- bridge of nose flattened
sabre blade tibia
interstitial keratitis- produces visual change.
(deafness sometimes)
acquired syphilis primary
primary: hard singular painless nodule (chancre) on perineum
acquired syphilis secondary
maculopapular rash and condylomata lata (flat warts on the vulva)
acquired syphilis latency
may or may not have symptoms
acquired syphilis tertiary
tabes dorsalis, aortic aneurysm, gummas inclusion body in CNS. Argyll Roberston pupil, aka “prostitute’s pupil” :not react to light, but constricts on accommodation
adie’s pupil
tonic pupil dilation (mydriasis) due to injury to CNIII edinger westphal nucleus
miosis
tonic pupil constriction due to injury to sympathetic cervical ganglia
chancroid
soft painful chancroid caused by Haemophilus ducreyi (gram -ve coccobacillus)
gardnerella vaginalis
similar to trichimonas, except bacterial
gonorrhea
gram (-) diplococcus, m/c/c PID/salpingitis. Burning urination. pus in urine. may produce arthritis m/c DJD in knee. “coffee bean shaped” organism on microscopy
lymphogranuloma venereum
chlamydia= organism. produces rectal strictures. diagnose with frei test.
trichimonas
purulent vaginal discharge. green and frothy, fish, foul. protozoan.
achalasia
spasm of lower esophageal sphincter. causes megaesophagus of upper esophagus. Lack of motility. (due to absence of myenteric plexus)
barrett’s esophagus
metaplasia of esophageal cells into stomach cells, caused by GERD
Budd-Chiari
Occlusion of hepatic veins: triad of abdominal pain, ascites and hepatomegaly.
acute= rapid severe upper abdominal pain, jaundice, hepatomegaly, ^liver enzymes, & eventual encephalopathy. Alcoholism
celiac disease (non-tropical sprue)
intolerance to gluten. loss of villi, therefore loss of absorption. stay on gluten-free diet. (malabsorption syndrome)
cholecystitis
inflammation of gallbladder #1 cause of gallstones
cholelithiasis
Gallstones
Crohn’s
seen in young people. affects distal small intestine (ileum), cecum and ascending colon. (right sided problem). Skip lesions or ‘cobblestone’ appearance. NO BLOODY diarrhea. autoimmune. Aka ‘regional ileitis’, ‘distal ileitis’, ‘regional enteritis’. Leads to dehydration b/c most water reabsorbed in small intestine
divertiucla
outpouching in the intestine. usually lower left quadrant (sigmoid & descending)
dysphagia
difficulty swallowing
enteritis
most common cause of death of children world wide d/t dehydration from diarrhea
hemorrhoids
most common cause of frank red blood in the stool
hischbrung’s
congenital megacolon. absence of myenteric plexus= parasympathetic motor plexus.
intussusception
telescoping of intestine onto itself, can be caused by rotovirus vaccine
irritable bowel
spastic colon, distention, pain, diarrhea, stress related
mallory-weiss syndrome
hematemesis (vomiting of blood) d/t alcoholism. lacerations of esophagus and proximal stomach
meckel’s diverticulum
outpouching of distal ileum
peutzjegher’s
polyposis characterized by polyps in the entire GI
plummer vinson syndrom
iron deficiency anemia, cheilosis, esophageal webbing and glossitis
pyloric stenosis
infant projectile vomitng. in a newborn.
sliding hiatal hernia
anatomically shortened esophagus
steatosis
steatosis = fat in stool, problem with GB
ulcerative colitis
aka toxic megacolon. pathological intestinal changes, ulcers, bloody diarrhea, affects left side of abdomen (descending colon, sigmoid colon) HLAB27 positive lead to sacroilitis and fusion of SI joints
volvulus
twisting of an organ around its long axis
zenker’s diverticulum
outpouching of the esophagus
diabetes insipidus
decreased ADH due to posterior pituitary problem. causes dehydration
diabetes mellitus
decreased production of insulin by the beta cells of pancreas (islets of langerhans). 1st seen in the eyes. Most commonly die from heart disease or renal failure. produces polydypsia (^thirst), polyurea (^urination), and polyphagia (^hunger)
hemochromatosis
iron in organs and skin. “bronze diabetes”
kwashiorkor
protein malnutrition
marasmus
calorie malnutrition, includes protein
wilson’s
inborn error of copper metabolism. kayser fleisher rings =copper deposits in eye. hepatolenticular degeneration.
