urogenital, GI, metabolic diseases

Question 1

cervical cancer

Answer 1

HPV 16 virus implicated

Question 2

cryptochism

Answer 2

can cause testicular cancer

Question 3

endometriosis

Answer 3

most common site is the ovary

Question 4

epispadias

Answer 4

urethra exits on the dorsal surface of the penis

Question 5

hypospadias

Answer 5

urethra opens on ventral surface of penis

Question 6

Increased HcG

Answer 6

pregnancy or hydatidiform mole (non-viable embryo that has implanted)

Question 7

Leiomyoma

Answer 7

tumor of smooth muscle. fibroids in the uterus

Question 8

polycystic ovary disease

Answer 8

anovulation, obesity, hirsutism (excess hair on body and face)

Question 9

seminoma

Answer 9

cancer of testes, most common cause of testicular cancer, mesenchymal/ stem cells

Question 10

congenital syphilis

Answer 10

hutchinsons teeth- notched permanent upper incisors
rhagades- fissures or cracks at edge of mouth
saddle nose deformity- bridge of nose flattened
sabre blade tibia
interstitial keratitis- produces visual change.
(deafness sometimes)

Question 11

acquired syphilis primary

Answer 11

primary: hard singular painless nodule (chancre) on perineum

Question 12

acquired syphilis secondary

Answer 12

maculopapular rash and condylomata lata (flat warts on the vulva)

Question 13

acquired syphilis latency

Answer 13

may or may not have symptoms

Question 14

acquired syphilis tertiary

Answer 14

tabes dorsalis, aortic aneurysm, gummas inclusion body in CNS. Argyll Roberston pupil, aka “prostitute’s pupil” :not react to light, but constricts on accommodation

Question 15

adie’s pupil

Answer 15

tonic pupil dilation (mydriasis) due to injury to CNIII edinger westphal nucleus

Question 16

miosis

Answer 16

tonic pupil constriction due to injury to sympathetic cervical ganglia

Question 17

chancroid

Answer 17

soft painful chancroid caused by Haemophilus ducreyi (gram -ve coccobacillus)

Question 18

gardnerella vaginalis

Answer 18

similar to trichimonas, except bacterial

Question 19

gonorrhea

Answer 19

gram (-) diplococcus, m/c/c PID/salpingitis. Burning urination. pus in urine. may produce arthritis m/c DJD in knee. “coffee bean shaped” organism on microscopy

Question 20

lymphogranuloma venereum

Answer 20

chlamydia= organism. produces rectal strictures. diagnose with frei test.

Question 21

trichimonas

Answer 21

purulent vaginal discharge. green and frothy, fish, foul. protozoan.

Question 22

achalasia

Answer 22

spasm of lower esophageal sphincter. causes megaesophagus of upper esophagus. Lack of motility. (due to absence of myenteric plexus)

Question 23

barrett’s esophagus

Answer 23

metaplasia of esophageal cells into stomach cells, caused by GERD

Question 24

Budd-Chiari

Answer 24

Occlusion of hepatic veins: triad of abdominal pain, ascites and hepatomegaly.
acute= rapid severe upper abdominal pain, jaundice, hepatomegaly, ^liver enzymes, & eventual encephalopathy. Alcoholism

Question 25

celiac disease (non-tropical sprue)

Answer 25

intolerance to gluten. loss of villi, therefore loss of absorption. stay on gluten-free diet. (malabsorption syndrome)

Question 26

cholecystitis

Answer 26

inflammation of gallbladder #1 cause of gallstones

Question 27

cholelithiasis

Answer 27

Gallstones

Question 28

Crohn's

Answer 28

seen in young people. affects distal small intestine (ileum), cecum and ascending colon. (right sided problem). Skip lesions or 'cobblestone' appearance. NO BLOODY diarrhea. autoimmune. Aka 'regional ileitis', 'distal ileitis', 'regional enteritis'. Leads to dehydration b/c most water reabsorbed in small intestine

Question 29

divertiucla

Answer 29

outpouching in the intestine. usually lower left quadrant (sigmoid & descending)

Question 30

dysphagia

Answer 30

difficulty swallowing

Question 31

enteritis

Answer 31

most common cause of death of children world wide d/t dehydration from diarrhea

Question 32

hemorrhoids

Answer 32

most common cause of frank red blood in the stool

Question 33

hischbrung's

Answer 33

congenital megacolon. absence of myenteric plexus= parasympathetic motor plexus.

Question 34

intussusception

Answer 34

telescoping of intestine onto itself, can be caused by rotovirus vaccine

Question 35

irritable bowel

Answer 35

spastic colon, distention, pain, diarrhea, stress related

Question 36

mallory-weiss syndrome

Answer 36

hematemesis (vomiting of blood) d/t alcoholism. lacerations of esophagus and proximal stomach

Question 37

meckel's diverticulum

Answer 37

outpouching of distal ileum

Question 38

peutzjegher's

Answer 38

polyposis characterized by polyps in the entire GI

Question 39

plummer vinson syndrom

Answer 39

iron deficiency anemia, cheilosis, esophageal webbing and glossitis

Question 40

pyloric stenosis

Answer 40

infant projectile vomitng. in a newborn.

Question 41

sliding hiatal hernia

Answer 41

anatomically shortened esophagus

Question 42

steatosis

Answer 42

steatosis = fat in stool, problem with GB

Question 43

ulcerative colitis

Answer 43

aka toxic megacolon. pathological intestinal changes, ulcers, bloody diarrhea, affects left side of abdomen (descending colon, sigmoid colon) HLAB27 positive lead to sacroilitis and fusion of SI joints

Question 44

volvulus

Answer 44

twisting of an organ around its long axis

Question 45

zenker's diverticulum

Answer 45

outpouching of the esophagus

Question 46

diabetes insipidus

Answer 46

decreased ADH due to posterior pituitary problem. causes dehydration

Question 47

diabetes mellitus

Answer 47

decreased production of insulin by the beta cells of pancreas (islets of langerhans). 1st seen in the eyes. Most commonly die from heart disease or renal failure. produces polydypsia (^thirst), polyurea (^urination), and polyphagia (^hunger)

Question 48

hemochromatosis

Answer 48

iron in organs and skin. "bronze diabetes"

Question 49

kwashiorkor

Answer 49

protein malnutrition

Question 50

marasmus

Answer 50

calorie malnutrition, includes protein

Question 51

wilson's

Answer 51

inborn error of copper metabolism. kayser fleisher rings =copper deposits in eye. hepatolenticular degeneration.