bone pathology

Question 1

aneurysmal bone cyst

Answer 1

ABC. benign bone tumor. metaphyseal/diaphyseal. eccentric. blister of bone. <20

Question 2

brown’s tumor

Answer 2

tumor-shaped radiolucency due to loss of bone density from hyperparathyroidism

Question 3

chondroblastoma

Answer 3

benign bone tumor. <20. epiphyseal/metaphyseal

Question 4

chondroma

Answer 4

benign tumor of cartilage

Question 5

chordoma

Answer 5

cancer that is m/c seen in sacrum and clivus. crosses joints. Notochordal tissue

Question 6

DISH

Answer 6

diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis. forrestier’s disease. age, s/sx= male 50+, trouble swallowing due to calcification of ALL. associated with DM (2-hr postprandial, urinalysis), increased appetite, thrist, urination (30% correlation between DISH and DM)

Question 7

Enchondroma (ollier’s disease)

Answer 7

m/c benign hand tumor. strppled calcifiication. 2+ enchondromas= multiple enchondromatosis, enchondromastosis + soft tissue swelling + bone deformity = Maffuci’s syndrome

Question 8

ewing’s sarcoma

Answer 8

multi-laminated (onion skin appearance) periosteal reaction. cortical saucerization. children 10-25. moth-eaten appearance in medulla> mimics osteomyelitis

Question 9

fibrous dysplasia

Answer 9

benign tumor, ground glass appearance. cafe au lait “coast of Maine” appearance. w/ early puberty= “albrights disease” . monostotic form= “rind sign” “rind of sclerosis”

Question 10

Giant cell tumor

Answer 10

osteoclastoma. m/c in knee. Increased ESR. Quasi-malignant. 20-40, epiphyseal/metaphyseal. Soap bubble appearance.

Question 11

Hemangioma

Answer 11

benign tumor of blood vessels, most commonly found in Spine.

Question 12

Multiple myeloma aka plasma cell leukemia/sarcoma

Answer 12

m/c primary malignancy of bone in adults. build up of amyloid. Xray- raindrop skull. Punched out lesions. Inclusion bodies= russel bodies
lab: IgG M-Spike, Bence jones proteinurea, Reverse A/G ratio

Question 13

myossitis ossifications

Answer 13

calcium or bone within muscle due to trauma. m/c in quads or biceps. In adductors=Prussian disease. Example of metaplasia

Question 14

Neurofibromatosis

Answer 14

AKA von Recklinghausen’s disease. Cafe at lait spots. Coast of California appearance. dumbbell shaped IVF. Neurofibroma is tumor of nerve root. elephant man

Question 15

neuropathic joint

Answer 15

AKA neurogenic joint, neurotrophic joint & charchot joint. m/c location= foot/ankle. #2 knee.
cause: diabetes, corticosteroids
associated with 6 Ds: destruction, debris of bone, density increase, dislocation, disorganization, distension

Question 16

onion bulb tumor

Answer 16

schwann cell tumor

Question 17

osteoblastoma

Answer 17

m/c seen in neural arch age 10-30

Question 18

osteochrondroma

Answer 18

m/c benign tumor of extremities. 2 types sessile or peduncle. coathanger’s exostosis. mushroom projection. multiple chodromas= hereditary multiple exostosis (HME)

Question 19

Osteoid osteoma

Answer 19

pain worse at night, relieved by aspirin. 15-25. radiolucent nidus w/ reactive sclerosis

Question 20

osteoma

Answer 20

m/c benign tumor of the skull, m/c in frontal sinus (frontal bone)

Question 21

osteopetrosis

Answer 21

“marble bone disease” AKA “albers schonbergs disease” radiology sign “bone within a bone” =early stages. Sandwich vertebra= late stage. Pts die by 20-30 from hepatosplenmegaly and anaemia

Question 22

osteosarcoma

Answer 22

most common 1` bone cancer in children (10-30). radiating, speculated, periostial response

Question 23

pagets AKA osteitis deformans

Answer 23

case hx: men over 50, increase hat size, cortical thickening
rad stages: 1 lytic phase, 2 mixed phase combined, 3 blastic phase, 4 malignant degeneration
lab increased alkaline phosphatase. Pathological cell is the osteoclastic cell

Question 24

scleroderma

Answer 24

AKA progressive systemic sclerosis. CREST signs: calcinosis curtis, raynaud’s phenomenon, esophogeal problems, sclerodactely, telangectasis= dilation of superficial blood vessels.
rad: resorption of distal tufts.

Question 25

osteomyelitis

Answer 25

brodie’s abscess if chronic. sequestrum. involucrum. cloaca. m/c/c= staph aureus

Question 26

sequestrum

Answer 26

dead necrotic center. the sequestered dead stuff

Question 27

involucrom

Answer 27

new bone formation

Question 28

Cloaca

Answer 28

opening form bone to the skin. seen with brodie’s abscess. this is opening in involucrum. can get marjolins ulcer which is a squamous cell carcinoma

Question 29

acid phosphatase

Answer 29

elevated in prostatic cancer which has ruptured the prostate capsule

Question 30

alkaline phosphatase

Answer 30

elevated in liver and bone conditions

Question 31

brown atrophy

Answer 31

build up of lipofuscin in organs. Lipofuscin granules are old age pigments

Question 32

calcium

Answer 32

1 mineral deficiency in the US

Question 33

iron

Answer 33

1 mineral deficiency in the world