bone pathology Flashcards
aneurysmal bone cyst
ABC. benign bone tumor. metaphyseal/diaphyseal. eccentric. blister of bone. <20
brown’s tumor
tumor-shaped radiolucency due to loss of bone density from hyperparathyroidism
chondroblastoma
benign bone tumor. <20. epiphyseal/metaphyseal
chondroma
benign tumor of cartilage
chordoma
cancer that is m/c seen in sacrum and clivus. crosses joints. Notochordal tissue
DISH
diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis. forrestier’s disease. age, s/sx= male 50+, trouble swallowing due to calcification of ALL. associated with DM (2-hr postprandial, urinalysis), increased appetite, thrist, urination (30% correlation between DISH and DM)
Enchondroma (ollier’s disease)
m/c benign hand tumor. strppled calcifiication. 2+ enchondromas= multiple enchondromatosis, enchondromastosis + soft tissue swelling + bone deformity = Maffuci’s syndrome
ewing’s sarcoma
multi-laminated (onion skin appearance) periosteal reaction. cortical saucerization. children 10-25. moth-eaten appearance in medulla> mimics osteomyelitis
fibrous dysplasia
benign tumor, ground glass appearance. cafe au lait “coast of Maine” appearance. w/ early puberty= “albrights disease” . monostotic form= “rind sign” “rind of sclerosis”
Giant cell tumor
osteoclastoma. m/c in knee. Increased ESR. Quasi-malignant. 20-40, epiphyseal/metaphyseal. Soap bubble appearance.
Hemangioma
benign tumor of blood vessels, most commonly found in Spine.
Multiple myeloma aka plasma cell leukemia/sarcoma
m/c primary malignancy of bone in adults. build up of amyloid. Xray- raindrop skull. Punched out lesions. Inclusion bodies= russel bodies
lab: IgG M-Spike, Bence jones proteinurea, Reverse A/G ratio
myossitis ossifications
calcium or bone within muscle due to trauma. m/c in quads or biceps. In adductors=Prussian disease. Example of metaplasia
Neurofibromatosis
AKA von Recklinghausen’s disease. Cafe at lait spots. Coast of California appearance. dumbbell shaped IVF. Neurofibroma is tumor of nerve root. elephant man
neuropathic joint
AKA neurogenic joint, neurotrophic joint & charchot joint. m/c location= foot/ankle. #2 knee.
cause: diabetes, corticosteroids
associated with 6 Ds: destruction, debris of bone, density increase, dislocation, disorganization, distension
onion bulb tumor
schwann cell tumor
osteoblastoma
m/c seen in neural arch age 10-30
osteochrondroma
m/c benign tumor of extremities. 2 types sessile or peduncle. coathanger’s exostosis. mushroom projection. multiple chodromas= hereditary multiple exostosis (HME)
Osteoid osteoma
pain worse at night, relieved by aspirin. 15-25. radiolucent nidus w/ reactive sclerosis
osteoma
m/c benign tumor of the skull, m/c in frontal sinus (frontal bone)
osteopetrosis
“marble bone disease” AKA “albers schonbergs disease” radiology sign “bone within a bone” =early stages. Sandwich vertebra= late stage. Pts die by 20-30 from hepatosplenmegaly and anaemia
osteosarcoma
most common 1` bone cancer in children (10-30). radiating, speculated, periostial response
pagets AKA osteitis deformans
case hx: men over 50, increase hat size, cortical thickening
rad stages: 1 lytic phase, 2 mixed phase combined, 3 blastic phase, 4 malignant degeneration
lab increased alkaline phosphatase. Pathological cell is the osteoclastic cell
scleroderma
AKA progressive systemic sclerosis. CREST signs: calcinosis curtis, raynaud’s phenomenon, esophogeal problems, sclerodactely, telangectasis= dilation of superficial blood vessels.
rad: resorption of distal tufts.
