Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

pathology boards > nervous, tumors, cancers, and cysts > Flashcards

nervous, tumors, cancers, and cysts Flashcards

1
Q

ALS

A

amyotrophic lateral sclerosis AKA Lou Gherig’s disease. Anterior horn and corticospinal tracts affect with no sensory loss. motor only. LMN in upper extremities, UMN in lower. IT IS PROGRESSIVE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Alzheimer’s

A

progressive severe atrophy of the cerebral cortex. Neurofibrillary tangles, decrease in Acetyl-choline. #1 cause of dementia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Arnold Chiari

A

Type I= cerebellar tonsil herniate.

type II= cerebellar tonsil herniation with Meninginomyelocele in lumbar spine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Astrocytoma Type I & II

A

m/c, best prognosis. in CNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Glioma’s

A

m/c in CNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Gliobastoma multiform

A

worst prognosis (affects cerebrum)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

medulloblastoma

A

m/c seen in cerebellar vermis in children. m/c cerebellar tumor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

oligodendroglioma

A

slowest growing (affects cerebrum)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Schwannoma

A

CN VII= acoustic neuroma. Onion bulb tumor. (most common cause of unilateral sensorineural hearing loss)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Friedreich’s ataxia

A

lesions of sclerosis of spinocerebellar tract (neurofibrillary tangles). Chromosome 9

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Guillian-Barre

A

AKA post-infectious polyradiculopathy, most commonly seen after a recent flu or vaccination. Peripheral demyelinating disease. Areflexia & ascending paralysis. Fatal if his diaphragm.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Horner’s syndrome

A

interruption of cervical sympathetics (eg trauma, pancoast tumor). symptoms= ptosis, miosis, anhydrosis, enophthalmosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Leprosy

A

aka hansens disease =liquefactive necrosis. skin damage & destruction of sensory nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Multiple sclerosis

A

central demyelinization and plaquing of the spinal cord or brain. charcot’s triad (sin): scanning speech, intention tremor and nystagmus. characterized by exacerbation and remissions. effects distal muscles and causes visual disturbances. affects Corticospinal tracts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Myasthenia Gravis

A

Formation of antibodies that block the Ach receptors at the myoneural junction. thymic enlargement (thymoma). causes progressive weakness and fatigue. first starts in the ocular muscles, gets worse at the end of day. jaw is tight and sore. autoimmune, females 20-40

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

neurofibromatosis

A

Von recklinghausen’s disease. cafe au lait spots. coast of california appearance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

onion bulb tumor

A

schwann cell tumor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

parkinsons (paralysis agitans)

A

problem with dopamine in basal ganglia. inclusion bodies= lewy bodies. masked faces, stooped posture, resting tremor, and festinating/shuffling gait and propulsive gait. cogwheel rigidity. substantia nigra of mesencephalon effected

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

PLS

A

posterolateral sclerosis AKA combined systems disease. dorsal columns and corticospinal tract affected. results from long term pernicious anemia (decreased intrinsic factor) or decreased vitamin B12

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

poliomyelitis

A

if affects anterior horn, produces LMNL. effects brainstem, then cranial nerves affected, possibly breathing apparatus as well

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

syringomyelia

A

cyst like formation from the central canal of the spinal cord that leads to loss of pain and temp and signs of an upper motor neuron lesion. cape-like distribution of pins and needles sensation. caused by syrinx, a central dilation of the spinal cord. loss of pain and temp bilaterally

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

wernicke-korsakoff

A

alcoholic psychosis with dememtia. depletion of thiamine B1 due to severe alcoholism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

adenoma

A

tumor of glandular tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

aneurismal bone cyst

A

ABC. Benign bone tumor. metaphyseal/diaphyseal. eccentric. blister of bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
benign tumors
encapsulated. short zone of transition. asymptomatic
26
brown's tumor
tumor-shaped radiolucency d/t loss of bone density from hyperparathyroidism (PTH)
27
burkett's lymphoma
starry sky appearance. jaw mass. central african child. epstein barr virus.
28
cachexia
wasting away
29
carcinoma
cancer of the epithelial tissue, usually spread by lymph system
30
carcinoma in situ
cancer that has not invaded basement membrane
31
cervical cancer
HPV 16 virus implicated
32
chrondroblastoma
benign bone tumor. <20 epiphyseal/metaphyseal
33
chondroma
benign tumor of cartilage
34
chordoma
cancer that is most commonly seen in sacrum. crosses joints.
35
colorectal cancer
most commonly found in US
36
cryptorchidism
absence of one or both testicles in scrotum (failure of descent of the testes). can cause testicular cancer.
37
enchondroma (olliers disease)
benign hand tumor. stippled calcification. 2+ enchondromas =multiple enchondromatosis. endchondromatosis +soft tissue swelling +bone deformity =maffuci's syndrome
38
Ewing's sarcoma
multi-laminated (onion skin appearance) periosteal reaction. cortical saucerization. children 10-25. moth-eaten appearance in medulla >minimics osteomyelitis
39
fibroadenoma of breast
m/c breast tumor. associated w/ estrogens
40
fibroma
myxomatous tissue. spindled and polyhedral cells.
41
fibrous dysplasia
benign tumor, ground glass appearance. cafe au lait cost of maine appearance. w/ early puberty= albright's disease. monostotic form =rind sign, rind of sclerosis
42
giant cell tumor
tumor of osteoclasts. osteoclastoma. m/c in knee. quasi-malignant. age 20-40 epiphyseal/ metaphyseal
43
hemangioma
benign tumor of blood vessels, most commonly found in spine
44
hepatocellular liver cancer
most common primary liver cancer aka hepatoma
45
histiocytosis X
hans-schuller-christian disease. histolytic granuloma, eosinophilic granuloma. lipid accumulates >vertebra plana
46
hodgkin's lymphoma
pel-epstein fever, reed sternberd cells, hepatosplenomegaly, enlarged lymph nodes ^IgE
47
Krukenberg's
cancer of stomach that metastasizes to ovaries, signet ring cell tumor
48
leiomyoma
tumor of smooth muscle. fibroids in uterus
49
Leukoplakia
white patch on oral mucosa from tobacco. cannot be wiped off precancerous
50
lipoma
fatty tumore
51
adenocarcinoma
m/c with non-smokers. best prognosis
52
oat cell and small cell
worst prognosis (lung cancer)
53
squamous cell lung cancer
most common in smokers
54
malagnant tumors
non-encapsulated. long zone of transition. pain at night =deep and boring. weightloss
55
metastasis
most common form of cancer in bones
56
morton's neuroma
between heads of 3-4 metatarsals
57
multiple myeloma (plasma cell leukemia/sarcoma)
m/c 1` bone malignancy in adults. amyloid buildup. inclusion bodies= russell bodies. xray- punched out lesion, raindrop skull. Lab: IgG M-spike, bence jones proteinurea. elevated ESR
58
myxoma
m/c benign cardiac tumor & m/c cardiac tumor
59
neurofibromatosis
aka von recklinghausens dz. cafe au lait spots. coast of california
60
onion bulb tumor
schwann cell tumor
61
osteoblastoma
m/c seen in neural arch age 10-30
62
osteochondroma
m/c benign tumor of extremities.. 2 types: sessile or pedunculated. multiple osteo chondromas =heredity multiple exostosis (HME)
63
osteoid osteoma
pain worse @ night, relieved by aspirin. 15-25. radiolucent nidus w/ reactive sclerosis
64
osteoma
m/c benign tumor of the skull, m/c in frontal sinus
65
osteomyelitis
brodies abscess if chronic. sequestrum involucrum. cloaca. m/c/c staph aureus
66
osteosarcoma
most common 1` bone cancer in children (10-30)
67
pancreatic cancer
worst prognosis, very painful
68
papilloma
associated with warts
69
pheochromocytoma
neuroblastoma, benign tumor of adrenal medulla. causes episodic hypertension
70
polycystic ovary disease
anovulation, obesity, hirsutism (excess hair on body and face)
71
Rhabdomyoma
tumor of striated muscle or heart muscle
72
sarcoma
cancer of CT, usually spread by vascular system
73
seminoma
cancer of testes, m/c/c of testicular cancer, mesenchymal/ stem cells
74
simple unicameral bone cyst
SBC/UBC. benign bone tumor. metaphyseal/diaphyseal. concentric. fallen fragment sign. age <20 found in long bone
75
stomach cancer
m/c in lesser curvature. leather bottle shaped stomach presentation
76
teratoma
tumor of all 3 germinal layers
77
virchow's nodes
enlarged supraclavicular lymph nodes due to metastasis usually GI tract, usually left side supraclavicular lymph nodes
78
wilm's tumor
nephroblastoma. mixed tumor of kidney in children
79
xanthoma
yellow tumor of CT

pathology boards (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions