types of degeneration Flashcards
calcification, metastatic
calcium infiltration into normal tissue. Eg Hypervitaminosis D
calcification, dystrophic
calcium infiltration into abnormal/damaged tissue. Eg atherosclerosis or atheroma. damage to tunica intima
caseous
tuberculosis
cloudy swelling
albuminous. membrane injured which effects ionic transfer
coagulation
infarction (MI), blood vessels
Enzymatic
pancreas
fatty
liver, aka nutmed liver. Heart=tabby cat heart. fatty dot>fatty streak>atheroma(fatty plaque)>fibroatheroma (fibrous tissue, calcium)
liquefaction
CNS (eg brain melts, tertiary syphilis, leprosy) or skin (if from infection)
wallerian
peripheral nerves. degenerates to the next node of Ranvier. “dying back phenomenon”
zenker’s (waxy)
hyaline. m/c in skeletal muscle. muscle replaced with hyaline.
Karyolysis
nuclear rupture
karyorrhexis
nuclear swelling
pyknosis
nuclear condensation
agenesis
absence of an organ (usu paired organ)
aplasia
small remnants of organ present (lack of development)
hypoplasia
organ smaller than normal and defective
atrophy
decrease in size (m/c muscle)
hypertrophy
increase in size
hyperplasia
increase in number of cells (pregnant uterus, goiter)
metaplasia
changes from one cell type to another. Eg Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium changing to stratified squamous in lungs of smoker
dysplasia
change in size, shape or function of a cell. Precancerous, but last stage that can be reversed to normal
anaplasia
complete disorganization of a cell (cancer) Eg squamous cell carcinoma
Type 1 collagen
bone, muscles, tendons, ligaments
type 2 collagen
disc (nucleus pulposis)
type 3 collagen
reticular collagen. found in spleen and lymph nodes. early wound healing
type 4 collagen
basement membrane
