blood cell disorders Flashcards
brutons agammaglobulinnemia
decrease B cells. decreased IgG. M/c primary immunodeficiency at birth. x linked
DiGeorge’s
hypoplasia of thymus =1` t-cell deficiency at birth
burkett’s lymphoma
starry sky appearance. central africa. jaw swelling. young african child
Hodgkin’s
Pel Epstein fever, biopsy: reed sternberg cells. enlarged lymph nodes. hepatosplenomegaly
multiple myeloma
leukemia of bone marrow. affects plasma cells. age 50+/ example of non-hodgkins lymphoma.
severe combined immune deficiency
newborn w/o proper B or T-cells. problem w/ bone marrow. in adult, m/c due to aplastic anemia. possibly from benzene poisoning
Hemophilia A
factor 8 deficiency, von willibrand disease. decrease in platelet adhesion
Hemophilia B
factor 9 deficiency. Christmas factor disease. X-chromosome. female carrier. males christmas disease
factor 10. stuart factor
Hemophilia C
factor 11 deficiency. mild.
factor 12. hageman factor
aplastic anemia
decreased RBCs and WBCs in blood. caused by benzene poisoning . associated with degeneration of marrow
iron deficiency anemia
nutritional. m/c/c chronic blood loss (menses). microcytic, hypochromic
pernicious anemia
nutritional. lack of intrinsic factor (gastritis can be a cause)
folic acid anemia
nutritional. in pregnancy (megabloblastic anemia. leads to spina bifida occulta)
B-12 anemia
nutritional. Vegetarians (macrocytic, hypochromic anemia
pancytopenia
decreased RBCs, WBCs, and platelets in the blood
Polycythemia
increased RBCs. 1` polycythemia rubra vera= pathological.
2` polycythemia= relative polycythemia= normal response to high altitudes
thrombocytopenia
decreased platelets in the blood
if a new born has deficiency of both B and T cells, what is their atrophy of?
bone marrow
aneurysm
localized dilation of an artery. Berry in circle of willis. subarachnoid hemorrhage. dissecting: longitudinal tearing away of the aorta. tearin pain. abdominal aorta:sudden low back pain, hypovolemic shock, thready pulse.
atherosclerosis
deposition of fatty plaque (atheroma). form of arteriosclerosis. get irregularly distributed lipid deposits in the intinma of large and medium sized arteries, causing narrowing of arterial lumens
buerger’s
AKA thromboangitis obliterans. lower extremity, males with history of smoking. intermittent claudication= cramping with exertion
cardiac tamponade
fluid in pericardial space. prevents proper ventricular filling. emergency room referral
coarctation of aorta (congenital)
narrowing of aorta distal to the left subclavian. produces hypertension in Upper extremities and hypotension in lower extremities
monkeberg’s sclerosis
tunica media of medium-size arteries calcified. in smokers and diabetics
myxoma
m/c benign cardiac tumor and m/c cardiac tumor
prinzmetal’s angina
coronary artery vasospasm
Raynaud’s
vasospasm of arteries. maybe primary or secondary to other collagen disease such as lupus. found in hands and feet. produce triphasic color change, from pallor (white) to cyanosis (blue) to rubor (red). can lead to gangrene
Rhabdomyoma
tumor of striated muscle or heart muscle
sickle cell anemia
half moon shaped RBC, H-shaped vertebra. homozygous sickle cell allele
takayasu arteritis
aka pulseless disease. granulomatous inflammation of the aortic arch
temporal arteritis
aka giant cell arteritis. affects temporal arteries. associated with long standing hypertension. if affects ophthalmic artery, can lead to blindness. increased ESR. best way to dx is biopsy
Tetralogy of Fallow
DRIP- Dextrorotation of aorta. Right ventricular hypertrophy. Interventricular septal defect. Pulmonic stenosis
valvular lesions
due to tooth extraction (strep infection causing aschoff bodies from Rheumatic fever). mitral valve affected
