blood cell disorders

Question 1

brutons agammaglobulinnemia

Answer 1

decrease B cells. decreased IgG. M/c primary immunodeficiency at birth. x linked

Question 2

DiGeorge’s

Answer 2

hypoplasia of thymus =1` t-cell deficiency at birth

Question 3

burkett’s lymphoma

Answer 3

starry sky appearance. central africa. jaw swelling. young african child

Question 4

Hodgkin’s

Answer 4

Pel Epstein fever, biopsy: reed sternberg cells. enlarged lymph nodes. hepatosplenomegaly

Question 5

multiple myeloma

Answer 5

leukemia of bone marrow. affects plasma cells. age 50+/ example of non-hodgkins lymphoma.

Question 6

severe combined immune deficiency

Answer 6

newborn w/o proper B or T-cells. problem w/ bone marrow. in adult, m/c due to aplastic anemia. possibly from benzene poisoning

Question 7

Hemophilia A

Answer 7

factor 8 deficiency, von willibrand disease. decrease in platelet adhesion

Question 8

Hemophilia B

Answer 8

factor 9 deficiency. Christmas factor disease. X-chromosome. female carrier. males christmas disease
factor 10. stuart factor

Question 9

Hemophilia C

Answer 9

factor 11 deficiency. mild.

factor 12. hageman factor

Question 10

aplastic anemia

Answer 10

decreased RBCs and WBCs in blood. caused by benzene poisoning . associated with degeneration of marrow

Question 11

iron deficiency anemia

Answer 11

nutritional. m/c/c chronic blood loss (menses). microcytic, hypochromic

Question 12

pernicious anemia

Answer 12

nutritional. lack of intrinsic factor (gastritis can be a cause)

Question 13

folic acid anemia

Answer 13

nutritional. in pregnancy (megabloblastic anemia. leads to spina bifida occulta)

Question 14

B-12 anemia

Answer 14

nutritional. Vegetarians (macrocytic, hypochromic anemia

Question 15

pancytopenia

Answer 15

decreased RBCs, WBCs, and platelets in the blood

Question 16

Polycythemia

Answer 16

increased RBCs. 1` polycythemia rubra vera= pathological.

2` polycythemia= relative polycythemia= normal response to high altitudes

Question 17

thrombocytopenia

Answer 17

decreased platelets in the blood

Question 18

if a new born has deficiency of both B and T cells, what is their atrophy of?

Answer 18

bone marrow

Question 19

aneurysm

Answer 19

localized dilation of an artery. Berry in circle of willis. subarachnoid hemorrhage. dissecting: longitudinal tearing away of the aorta. tearin pain. abdominal aorta:sudden low back pain, hypovolemic shock, thready pulse.

Question 20

atherosclerosis

Answer 20

deposition of fatty plaque (atheroma). form of arteriosclerosis. get irregularly distributed lipid deposits in the intinma of large and medium sized arteries, causing narrowing of arterial lumens

Question 21

buerger’s

Answer 21

AKA thromboangitis obliterans. lower extremity, males with history of smoking. intermittent claudication= cramping with exertion

Question 22

cardiac tamponade

Answer 22

fluid in pericardial space. prevents proper ventricular filling. emergency room referral

Question 23

coarctation of aorta (congenital)

Answer 23

narrowing of aorta distal to the left subclavian. produces hypertension in Upper extremities and hypotension in lower extremities

Question 24

monkeberg’s sclerosis

Answer 24

tunica media of medium-size arteries calcified. in smokers and diabetics

Question 25

myxoma

Answer 25

m/c benign cardiac tumor and m/c cardiac tumor

Question 26

prinzmetal’s angina

Answer 26

coronary artery vasospasm

Question 27

Raynaud’s

Answer 27

vasospasm of arteries. maybe primary or secondary to other collagen disease such as lupus. found in hands and feet. produce triphasic color change, from pallor (white) to cyanosis (blue) to rubor (red). can lead to gangrene

Question 28

Rhabdomyoma

Answer 28

tumor of striated muscle or heart muscle

Question 29

sickle cell anemia

Answer 29

half moon shaped RBC, H-shaped vertebra. homozygous sickle cell allele

Question 30

takayasu arteritis

Answer 30

aka pulseless disease. granulomatous inflammation of the aortic arch

Question 31

temporal arteritis

Answer 31

aka giant cell arteritis. affects temporal arteries. associated with long standing hypertension. if affects ophthalmic artery, can lead to blindness. increased ESR. best way to dx is biopsy

Question 32

Tetralogy of Fallow

Answer 32

DRIP- Dextrorotation of aorta. Right ventricular hypertrophy. Interventricular septal defect. Pulmonic stenosis

Question 33

valvular lesions

Answer 33

due to tooth extraction (strep infection causing aschoff bodies from Rheumatic fever). mitral valve affected