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Anatomy 2FF3 > Urogenital Anatomy > Flashcards

Urogenital Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What is the indifferent stage?

A

This is the same starting point of embryological development for both males and females

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2
Q

What “organs” are composed of the indifferent stage?

A
  • Indifferent gonads
  • Mesonephric kidney
  • Mesonephric duct
  • Paramesonephric duct
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3
Q

How do the ovaries develop?

A

Develops from the capsular part of the indifferent gonad; condenses + descends

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4
Q

What does the paramesonephric duct become?

A

Becomes the fallopian tube in females

**Males lose this duct

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5
Q

Development of the kidneys

A

Mesonephric kidney dissolves as ovaries descend

Kidney comes off the mesonephros

Kidney ascends to leave pelvis

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6
Q

Homologs: male and female

A
  1. Ovary and teste
  2. Round ligament and gubernaculum (pulls testes down into scrotum)
  3. Labia majora and scrotum
  4. Glans clitoris and glans penis
  5. Crus of clitoris and corpora cavernosa
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7
Q

3 areas where kidney stones can get stuck

A
  1. Ureteropelvic junction (big area of flow –> small)
  2. Crossing the iliacs & psoas muscle (urether has to jump over the muscles)
  3. Ureterovesicular junction: ureter gets squeezed into the bladder
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8
Q

What happens when there is a kidney stone in the ureter?

A

Pressure builds up and expands the renal pelvis and ureter

Pushes water into kidney –> hydronephrosis (inflammation due to water)

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9
Q

Layers of muscle in the ureter

A

Outer circular smooth muscle

Inner longitudinal smooth muscle

**Smooth muscle –> involuntary control

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10
Q

Why is the epithelium of the ureter lined with mucosa?

A

Mucosa makes it slippery so bacteria can’t get up into the kidney

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11
Q

3 bones of the pelvis

A
  1. Ilium
  2. Pubis
  3. Ischium
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12
Q

Fetal pelvis

A

The 3 bones of the fetal pelvis are connected by just cartilage (allows for easy delivery)

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13
Q

Importance of the sacroiliac joint

A

Gliding joint –> allows hip movement

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14
Q

Importance of the sacrococcygeal joint

A

Baby goes past it

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15
Q

Does the pubic symphysis move?

A

It is composed of cartilage but it doesn’t move –> only at the end of pregnancy

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16
Q

Pregnancy and pelvic joints

A

In the last 3 months of gestation, all the joints relax (prepping the body for delivery)

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17
Q

Sexual dimorphism of the pelvis

A

Female:

  • Light + thin
  • Shallow false pelvis
  • Pubic arch > 90 degrees

Male

  • Heavy + thick
  • Deep false pelvis
  • Pubic arch < 90 degrees
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18
Q

Relationship between subpubic angle and pubic outlet

A

Larger subpubic angle = larger pubic outlet

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19
Q

Relationship between transverse and anteroposterior diameter

A

In females, both diameters are 10 cm (baby’s head is 10 cm)

Allows for delivery

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20
Q

Why has the human pelvis gotten smaller?

A

Since we started walking on our feet, our abdomen and thorax has been pushed down –> pelvis gets smaller to make sure it doesn’t come out of our vagina

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21
Q

Sexual dimorphism with lumbar spines

A

Female spine has lots of lumbar lordosis vs male spine

Estrogen changes the shape of the spine (more wedge shaped)

22
Q

Lordosis and pregnancy

A

Normally, COG is on top of the hip

During pregnancy, there is more lordosis (pulls abdomen backwards so it is back on femur head) so the COG is fixed

23
Q

Utero-ovarian ligament

A

Keeps ovary in place

24
Q

Round ligament

A

Joins fundus and holds uterus

25
Q

Uterosacral ligament

A

Attaches at the cervix & keeps everything from going down

26
Q

Suspensory ligament of the ovary

A

Not actually a ligament –> this is the fold where VAN goes through

27
Q

Broad ligament

A

Double layer of parietal peritoneum –> covers everything

28
Q

Pouch of Douglas

A

Lowest place in the body (between rectum and back of uterus)

29
Q

What is a prolapsed uterus?

A

Uterus bulges into vagina –> cervix comes out

30
Q

How to fix a prolapsed uterus

A
  1. Pessary to keep it in place

2. Colposuspension: tie uterus to the back of abdominal wall

31
Q

What is a uterine inversion?

A

When the inside of the uterus is outside of the body

32
Q

What are fimbriae?

A

“Fingers” of the uterine tube –> catch the eggs

33
Q

What is mon pubis?

A

Fat infront of the pubic symphysis

34
Q

What does the erectile tissue of the clitoris correspond with?

A

Corpus spongiosum of males

35
Q

Labium minus and labium Majus

A

Labium minus: mucosal + delicate

Labium majus: hair-covered skin

36
Q

Purpose of the superficial transverse muscle

A

Attaches the perineal body to the sides

37
Q

Purpose of the bulbospongiosus muscle

A

Surrounds the vaginal opening

38
Q

Deep transverse perineal muscle

A

Swirls around urethra to make the external urethal sphincter

39
Q

Purpose of the levator ani muscles

A

Striated muscle - lift anus and vagina

Helps the transverse perineum support the bladder

40
Q

Purpose of the perineal body

A

Anchor point for all the muscles of the pelvis floor

41
Q

Purpose of the deep transverse muscle

A

Supports the pelvic floor

42
Q

Vaginal lumen

A

Vaginal lumen is full of sugar

The sugar is there so vaginal flora will grow

Vaginal flora makes lactic acid so vaginal pH stays low –> pathogens can’t live here

43
Q

Cells of the cervix and vagina

A

Cervix: simple columnar epithelium –> living, makes mucus

Vagina: stratified squamous epithelium –> dead so viruses can’t live here

44
Q

Corpus spongiosum of males

A

Makes up the bulb of the penis

45
Q

Corpus cavernosum of males

A

Makes up the erectile tissue

46
Q

Purpose of bulbourethral glands

A

Sit in the deep transverse perineus

Makes mucus so the urethra isn’t full of acidic urine when sperm is released (would kill the sperm)

**Neutralization mechanism

47
Q

Purpose of the internal urethral sphincter in males

A

Closes the bladder so the urine and semen don’t come into contact with each other

48
Q

Vas deferens in males

A

Goes through the inguinal canal

49
Q

Seminal vesicles in males

A

Doesn’t make semen, makes fluid

50
Q

Ejaculatory duct

A

Formed by the union of the vas deferens with the seminal vesicle duct

Anatomy 2FF3 (26 decks)

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