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Anatomy 2FF3 > Heart & Thoracic Anatomy > Flashcards

Heart & Thoracic Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Purpose of the CV system

A

Delivers O2 + nutrients to tissues

Removes waste products

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2
Q

Where is the heart located?

A

In the mediastinum

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3
Q

Purpose of the pericardium

A

Surrounds + protects the heart

Fuses with the diaphragm (so heart stays in place)

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4
Q

Relationship between diaphragm and heart

A

When diaphragm moves while breathing, heart moves slightly –> helps BF through heart

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5
Q

Where does the SVC carry blood?

A

To heart from upper body

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6
Q

Where does the IVC carry blood?

A

To heart from lower body

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7
Q

Sections of the mediastinum (x4)

A

Anterior, middle, posterior and superior

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8
Q

What is in the anterior mediastinum?

A

Thymus gland

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9
Q

What is in the middle mediastinum?

A

Heart, asc. aorta, pulmonary trunk, phrenic nerves

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10
Q

What is in the posterior mediastinum?

A

Descending aorta, esophagus, vagus n. and thoracic duct

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11
Q

What is in the superior mediastinum?

A

Aortic arch, esophagus & trachea

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12
Q

Characteristics of the thymus gland

A

Bigger in childhood vs adulthood (atrophy occurs)

Development of T cells in immune system before birth + during childhood

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13
Q

Purpose of auricles

A

Allows the L and R atriums to increase blood capacity

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14
Q

What is the coronary sulcus?

A

Groove between atria & ventricles

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15
Q

What are the interventricular sulci?

A

Two of them - ant. and post.

Between right and left ventricles

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16
Q

Where is the right coronary artery found?

A

Coronary sulcus

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17
Q

What does the R coronary a. branch off to?

A

Posterior interventricular a. and R marginal a.

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18
Q

What does the L coronary a. branch off to?

A

Circumflex a. (coronary sulcus)

L ant. desc. a. (LAD) interventricular a.

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19
Q

What do the cardiac a. do?

A

Bring O2 and nutrients –> cardiac tissue

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20
Q

Purpose of coronary veins

A

Removal of CO2 and waste

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21
Q

Which coronary veins drains into the coronary sinus then RA? (x3)

A

Small cardiac

Middle cardiac

Great cardiac

22
Q

Which vein drains directly into the RA?

A

Anterior cardiac vein

23
Q

Where is the small cardiac vein found?

A

Coronary sulcus

24
Q

Where is the middle cardiac vein found?

A

Post. interv. s.

25
Q

Where is the great cardiac vein found?

A

Ant. interv. s.

26
Q

Layers of the pericardium

A

Fibrous pericardium

Serous pericardium

27
Q

Characteristics of fibrous pericardium

A

Dense, irregular CT

Protects + anchors heart (connected to diaphragm + prevents heart over-stretching)

28
Q

Characteristics of serous pericardium

A

Parietal layer - secretes serous fluid (lines the cavity)

Visceral layer (aka epicardium) - secretes serous fluids + adheres to heart wall, lines the heart

29
Q

Purpose of the pericardial cavity

A

Space between the 2 layers of pericardium

Both layers secrete serous fluid into here

Lubricates the heart + prevents friction

30
Q

Layers of the heart wall

A

Epicardium

Myocardium: has specialized cardiac muscle tissue

Endocardium: lines heart chambers: smooth lining = less friction

31
Q

Cause of myocarditis

A

Viral infection, radiation, meds

32
Q

Cause of endocarditis

A

Often bacterial –> affects heart valves

33
Q

Why are atrial walls thin?

A

Don’t need a lot of muscle to deliver blood –> ventricle

34
Q

Why are ventricle walls thick?

A

Need to move blood from ventricles –> body tissues under a high pressure

35
Q

Why is the LV wall thicker than RV?

A

LV has to work harder to get blood to tissues (greater distance, high pressure + resistance to BF)

36
Q

Purpose of fibrous rings

A

Structural foundation

Maintains valve diameter

Attachment site for muscle fibers

Electrically separates the atria from the ventricles

37
Q

Where are AV valves located?

A

Between atria & ventricles

38
Q

Where are SL valves located?

A

Between ventricles and great vessels

39
Q

AV valves and chordae tendinae

A

Cusps of AV valves have chord tendinae –> connect to papillary muscles

40
Q

What is a subvalvular apparatus?

A

Chordae tendinae + papillary muscles

Open + close AV valves

41
Q

What are papillary muscles made up of?

A

Trabeculae carnae: bundles of cardiac muscle fibers

42
Q

Purpose of heart valves

A

Ensure one way direction of blood flow

43
Q

What is ventricular diastole? Relation to AV valves

A

Blood drains from atria –> ventricles

AV valves are relaxed

44
Q

What do the AV valves do during ventricular systole?

A

They close –> taut chordae tendinae

45
Q

What is AV valve prolapse?

A

When cusps open into atria during ventricular contraction

46
Q

When do SL valves open?

A

During ventricular contraction –> increased pressure in the ventricles

Pushes blood against the SL valves

Blood is ejected into the great vessels

47
Q

When do the SL valves close?

A

During ventricular diastole –> blood flows back into ventricles

Blood catches behind valve cusps –> closes and the back pressure from the blood on the valves keeps them closed

48
Q

Heart valve stenosis

A

Narrow heart valve –> constricted BF

Due to: congenital defect, scarring + age

49
Q

Mitral valve prolapse

A

Causes: genetic disorder & CT damage

50
Q

Why don’t venous entry points have valves?

A

When atria contracts, the muscle compresses the weak walls of the openings –> causes them to almost collapse

Anatomy 2FF3 (26 decks)

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