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Anatomy 2FF3 > Glomerulus > Flashcards

Glomerulus Flashcards

1
Q

Which adrenal gland is depressed + why?

A

Right adrenal gland: liver sits on it

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2
Q

Blood supply + drainage of kidneys

A

Blood supply from renal a. & drained via renal vein

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3
Q

What is the pubic symphysis?

A

Joint between the R & L pelvic bones

Bladder sits behind this

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4
Q

What is the renal capsule + purpose?

A

Holds in all the pressure (drinks from the aorta)

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5
Q

What is renal fascia?

A

Connective tissue that surrounds the kidney

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6
Q

Perirenal fat

A

Completely surrounds the kidney + goes inside (holds kidney up)

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7
Q

What is pararenal fat?

A

Outside of renal fascia

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8
Q

What is the renal hilum?

A

Where fat/arteries/veins go in & BS/ureter go out

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9
Q

Characteristics of the renal cortex

A

Found in the outer layer, glomeruli are found here (makes the filtrate)

Thin cortex = glomeruli are falling apart (normal as you age)

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10
Q

Renal columns

A

Extension of cortex into medulla

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11
Q

Renal medulla

A

Where all the renal pyramids are found (in between columns)

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12
Q

Pathway of urine

A

Nephrons –> collecting ducts –> renal papilla –> minor calyx –> major calyx –> renal pelvis –> ureter –> bladder –> urethra

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13
Q

What are polycystic kidneys?

A

Kidneys with round sacs with fluid (inherited)

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14
Q

Problems with kidneys

A
  • Too many ureters
  • Severe hydronephrosis (joint kidneys)
  • Supernumerary renal arteries (too many renal a.)
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15
Q

What is the renal corpuscle?

A

Composed of glomerular capsule & glomerulus

Glomerulus = tuft of capillaries

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16
Q

What feeds the glomerulus & what spreads over the tubules?

A

Afferent arterioles = glomerulus

Efferent arterioles = tubules

17
Q

Role of juxtaglomerular cells

A

Acts as a quality control mechanism of filtrate

18
Q

What happens between the peritubular capillaries (bloodstream) and the renal tubules?

A

Reabsorption of material from the filtrate in the tubule to the blood

Secretion of material from the blood to the tubule

19
Q

Layers of the renal corpuscle

A

Visceral layer: covers the capillaries of the glomerulus

Parietal layer: outside layer

20
Q

Components of the juxtaglomerular apparatus

A

Macula densa: part of the D.C.T., tastes the filtrate + making sure there’s the right amount

Granular cells: makes renin, if MD senses something wrong = renin release

Mesangial cells: also found in-between capillary tufts (regulates filtration)

21
Q

Function of the renal corpuscle

A

The capsular space (space between visceral & parietal layers) is where filtrate is formed (BVs –> capsular space)

With every heart beat, blood is pushed in here (filtrate slowly enters capsular space)

22
Q

Podocytes

A

Found outside of the glomerulus

Pedicels come off the podocytes

In between these, there are filtration slits

23
Q

Relationship between kidneys and CV system

A

CV system generates the pressure necessary for glomerular filtration

The kidneys maintain blood volume, regulate plasma osmolality + secrete mediators that affect both cardiac performance & vascular tone

24
Q

Positive pressures (filtration)

A

Pressure pushing fluid out of the glomerular capillaries (the pressure of the blood in the glomerular capsule)

Determines the glomerular filtration rate

25
Q

Negative pressures (filtration)

A

Pressures holding fluid in the glomerular capillaries (pressure of the fluid already in the capsule)

26
Q

Ways to auto regulate GFR (x2)

A

Myogenic mechanism

Tubuloglomerular feedback

27
Q

Myogenic mechanism

A

The smooth muscle of the afferent arteriole is stretched by the increased in blood pressure and afferent arteriole responds with constriction which decreases GFR

28
Q

Tubuloglomerular feedback

A

The macula densa of the juxtaglomerular apparatus detects high amounts of filtrate flow (i.e. lots of water & Na+ and Cl- flowing past) inhibits NO release which inhibits afferent arteriole dilation which decreases GFR

29
Q

Hormonal regulation of GFR (x2)

A

ANP and angiotensin II

30
Q

Angiotensin II and GFR

A

Sympathetic stimulation or decrease in blood pressure causes juxtaglomerular apparatus activation

J.A. releases renin

Angiotensin is made –> increased BV constriction & increased blood pressure

J.A. is then turned off

Result = increased BP from angiotensin II and more Na+ reuptake in tubules

31
Q

ANP and GFR

A

ANP is released when there is distention of the atrium

ANP causes relaxation of mesangial cells between glomerular capillaries (so they’re more spread out = more filtration)

ANP also relaxes the afferent arterioles of the glomerulus and increases Na+ loss

32
Q

Neural regulation of the GFR

A

Sympathetic branch of ANS has inputs to muscular walls of the afferent arterioles

Receptors are alpha 1 adrenoceptors

With low blood flow, glomerular hydrostatic pressure goes down & filtration decreases

Anatomy 2FF3 (26 decks)

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