Respiratory Anatomy Flashcards
1
Q
Functions of the respiratory system
A
- Gas exchange
- Regulate blood pH
- Provide for olfaction
- Provide for phonation
2
Q
What are the 3 parts of the sternum?
A
- Manubrium
- Body
- Ziphoid
3
Q
Where is the intercostal VAN located?
A
In the costal groove
4
Q
Principal muscles of inhalation (quiet breathing)
A
- External intercostals (25%)
- Diaphragm (75%)
5
Q
Accessory muscles of inhalation (forceful breathing)
A
- Sternocleidomastoid
- Scalenes
6
Q
Muscles of exhalation (active breathing)
A
- Internal intercostals
- External obliques
- Internal obliques
- Transversus abdominis
- Rectus abdominis
7
Q
Features of the diaphragm
A
- Composed of skeletal muscle
- Innervated by the phrenic n.
- Separates the pleural cavity from the peritoneal cavity
8
Q
Openings of the diaphragm
A
- Aortic hiatus: aorta runs through here (followed by the thoracic duct), muscular portion
- Esophageal hiatus: esophagus runs through here (followed by vagus n.), muscular portion
- Caval opening: IVC runs through here (in the central tendon)
9
Q
Functions of the epiglottis
A
- Protects trachea
- Expulsive manoeuvres (cough/sneeze)
- Structural support (taking a breath during heavy lifting)
10
Q
Layers of trachea (x3)
A
- Epithelial
- Mucosa
- Submucosa
11
Q
Right + left primary bronchi
A
Right primary: shorter, wider, more vertical
Left primary: longer, more angled
- Supported by rings of cartilage
12
Q
Right + left secondary bronchi
A
3 in right side and 2 in left side
- Supported by plates of cartilage
13
Q
Lobes + fissues of right lung
A
- Superior lobe
- Horizontal fissure
- Middle lobe
- Oblique fissure
- Inferior lobe
14
Q
Lobes + fissures of left lung
A
- Superior lobe
- Oblique fissure
- Inferior lobe
- Lingula!
15
Q
Bronchial vs pulmonary arteries
A
- Bronchial arteries supply the conducting regions
- Come off L side to bring in O2 rich blood
- Pulmonary arteries supply the gas exchange regions (lobules)
- Come from R side to send blood –> alveoli for gas exchange
