Urine

Question 1

WBCs

Seen In?

Answer 1

SEEN IN:

- Acute Cystitis

Question 2

Hemoglobinuria

Seen In (General Rule + 4 examples)?

Answer 2

SEEN IN: INTRAvascular Hemolysis

• G6PD Def
• Mechanical destruction
• Microangiopathic Hemolytic Anemia
• PNH

Question 3

Glucosuria

Def’n / Value, Seen In (4)?

Answer 3

Plasma Glucose > 200 mg/dL.

SEEN IN:

• Diabetes Mellitus
• Normal Pregnancy (↓Glucose + A.A reabs)
• Fanconi Sx
• RTA Type 2

Question 4

Aminoaciduria

Seen In (4)?

Answer 4

SEEN IN:

• Hartnup Disease
• Normal Pregnancy (↓Glucose + A.A reabs)
• Fanconi Sx
• RTA Type 2

Question 4

Hematuria

Seen In (4)?

Answer 4

SEEN IN:

• Nephritic Sx
• Bladder SCC
• Henoch-Schonlein Purpura
• Wegener Granulomatosis

Question 5

Lipiduria

Mech (4 steps)?

Answer 5

MECH:

Hypoproteinemia -> Liver↑protein synthesis (PP + Lipoproteins) -> Hyperlipidemia -> Lipiduria.

Question 6

Proteinuria

Seen In?

Answer 6

SEEN IN:

• • Nephritic Sx
• Serum Sickness

Question 7

Proteinuria > 3.5 g / day (Grade 3 or Grade 4 glomerular injury)

Seen In, Conseq (4)?

Answer 7

SEEN IN:
- Nephrotic Sx

CONSEQ:

• Hypoalbuminemia -> Pitting Edema
• Hypogammaglobulinemia ->↑risk of infection
• Hyperlipidemia & Hypercholesterolemia -> Fatty casts
• Loss of Antithrombin III -> Hypercoaguable state

Question 8

Hypercalciuria

Seen In (2)?

Answer 8

SEEN IN:

• 1ry Hyperparathyroidism (renal stones w excess PTH in urine)
• RTA Type 1

Question 9

Bence Jones Protein

Def’n, Seen In (2)?

Answer 9

Ig light chains.

SEEN IN:

• Multiple Myeloma
• Waldenstrom Macroglobulinemia

Question 10

Copper ↑in Urine

Seen In?

Answer 10

SEEN IN:

- Wilson’s Dz

Question 11

HCO3 in Urine

Seen In?

Answer 11

SEEN IN:

- Fanconi Sx

Question 12

5-HIAA in Urine

Answer 12

Carcinoid Sx

Question 13

Homovanillic Acid (HVA. B/D product of Dopamine) in Urine

Answer 13

Neuroblastoma

Question 14

P in Urine

Seen In (2)?

Answer 14

SEEN IN:

• Fanconi Sx
• RTA Type 2

Question 15

Phenylketones (Phenylacetate, -lactate, -pyruvate)

↑Seen In?

Answer 15

↑SEEN IN:

- PKU

Question 16

Dark “cola-colored” Urine

Answer 16

Acute Post-Strep Glomerulonephritis

Question 17

“Red urine”

Def’n, Seen In (2)?

Answer 17

Myoglobinuria.

SEEN IN:

• Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria (“red urine in morning”)
• McArdle Dz (“red urine w strenuous exercise”)

Question 18

Urine that “turns black on exposure to air”

Answer 18

Alkaptonuria / Ochronosis

Question 19

Struvite Stones

Mech of Formation, Seen In (2 STDs)?

Answer 19

Urease↑urine pH -> predisposition to struvite stones.

SEEN IN:

• Urethritis (Ureaplasma urealyticum)
• Cystitis (Proteus sp)