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Findings > Histology > Flashcards

Histology Flashcards

1
Q

Psammoma Bodies

Def’n, Seen In (4)?

A

Spindle cells concentrically arranged in a whorled pattern.
(Laminated calcifications)

SEEN IN:

  • Meningiomas
  • Mesotheliomas
  • Papillary Thyroid Carcinomas
  • Papillary Serous Carcinomas of Endometrium (sporadic pathway) + Ovary
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2
Q

IMMUNO

Foamy Cells

Def’n + Significance, Formation (3 steps), Seen In (2)?

A

Fat-laden Macrophages.
Signify fatty deposit / plaque build-up (atherosclerosis) on vessel walls.

Macrophages sent to location of fatty deposit on vessel walls ->
SURROUND fatty deposit in attempt to destroy it ->
Become FAT-LADEN.

SEEN IN:

  • Atherosclerosis
  • Niemann-Pick Dz
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3
Q

IMMUNO

Birbeck Granules

Def’n + Location, Seen In?

A

“Tennis racket”-shaped cytoplasmic organelles
in Langerhans cells.

SEEN IN:
- Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis / Histiocytosis X

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4
Q

MICRO

Koilocytosis / Koilocytic change

Def’n (incl 3 features), Seen In?

A

Koilocytes in the layers of the squamous epithelium.
Koilocytes = dysplastic squamous epithelial cells with
nuclear enlargement + hyperchromasia
+ PERINUCLEAR VACUOLE (“halo”).

SEEN IN:
- HPV Infections

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5
Q

MICRO

Clue Cells

Def’n, Seen In?

A

Bacteria on STIPPLED vaginal epithelial cells.

SEEN IN:
- Gardnerella Vaginalis

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6
Q

MICRO

Cowdry A Bodies

Def’n, Seen In (2)?

A

INTRAnuclear eosinophilic “droplet-like” bodies.

SEEN IN:

  • CMV infection (intranuclear “owl eye” inclusions)
  • HSV infection
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7
Q

MICRO

  • Cowdry A bodies
  • Multinucleated Giant Cells (on Tcanck test)
A

HSV-2 infection

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8
Q

MICRO

Oval Yeast cells (within Macrophages)

Seen In?

A

SEEN IN:

- Histoplasma capsulatum infection in HIV

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9
Q

MICRO

‘Amastigotes’ (within Macrophages)

Seen In?

A

SEEN IN:

- Leishmani donovani infection

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10
Q

HEME

Reed-Sternberg Cells

Def'n (2 features), MC Subtype, CD (2), 
Mech of Action, 
Seen In (2), Prognosis (rule, best, worst)?
A

Giant BILOBED / BINUCLEATE B cell with prominent intranuclear inclusions.

MC subtype = Nodular Sclerosing form.

CD 15 + 30.

MECH = secrete CYTOKINES:

  • > Attract reactive cells
  • > Fibrosis (sometimes)
  • > ‘B symptoms’ (sometimes)

SEEN IN:

  • Hodgkin Lymphoma
  • CMV infections

PROGNOSIS: Better with strong stromal or lymphocytic reaction
against RS cells.
- Best = Lymphocyte-rich form
- Worst = Lymphocyte-poor or Mixed forms

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11
Q

MICRO, HEME

“Maltese Cross” on bl smear

A

Babesia infection

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12
Q

HEME

“Starry sky” appearance

(Stars = Macrophages, Sky = Lymphocytes)

A

Burkitt’s Lymphoma

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13
Q

HEME

Russell Bodies

Def’n?

A

HYALINE SPHERES in Plasma cells.

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14
Q

HEME

Hypersegmented Neutrophils

Seen In?

A

SEEN IN:

- Megaloblastic Anemia

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15
Q

HEME

Sezary Cells

Def’n, Seen In?

A

T Lymphocytes with “cerebriform nuclei”.

SEEN IN:
- Mycosis Fungoides / Sezary Sx

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16
Q

NEURO

Stroke (Ischemic)

Histo based on time since ischemic event:

  • 12-48 hrs -> ?
  • 24-72 hrs -> (2: 1 cell type, 1 process)?
  • 3-5 days -> ?
  • 1-2 wks -> (2 processes)?
  • > 2 wks -> ?
  • End result?
A
  • Red Neurons (eosinophilic change in neurons’ cytoplasm)
  • Neutrophils. Coagulative Necrosis
  • Macrophages
  • Vascular proliferation + Reactive gliosis
  • Glial scar
  • End result = fluid-filled cystic space surrounded by gliosis
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17
Q

NEURO

Lewy Body

Def’n, Seen In?

A

Eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusions (round + pink) in nerve cells.

SEEN IN:
- Parkinson Disease

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18
Q

NEURO

Negri Bodies of Rabies

Def’n + Brain Locations (2)?

A

Eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusions in nerve cells of

Cerebellum + Hippocampus.

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19
Q

NEURO

Senile Plaques

Def’n, Seen In?

A

Extracellular amyloid deposition in gray matter of Brain.

SEEN IN:
- Alzheimer Disease

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20
Q

NEURO

Protein aggregates in neurons

Mech, Seen As / In (2)?

A

Hyperphosphorylation of TAU PROTEIN.

SEEN AS / IN:

  • Neurofibrillary tangles (AD): tangles of fibers in neuron cytoplasm
  • Pick bodies (Pick Disease): silver tau protein deposits in neurons
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21
Q

NEURO

Pick Bodies

Def’n, Seen In?

A

SILVER tau protein deposits in neurons.

SEEN IN:
- Pick Disease

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22
Q

NEURO

Pseudopalisading tumor cell arrangement

Def’n, Seen In?

A

FOCI OF NECROSIS surrounded by intact tumor cells.

SEEN IN:
- Glioblastoma Multiforme

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23
Q

NEURO

Rosenthal Fibers

Def’n + Significance (2), Seen In?

A

Thick + elongated worm-like / corkscrew EOSINOPHILIC bundle of fibers.
Representing eosinophilic processes + granular bodies of Astrocytes.

SEEN IN:
- Pilocytic Astrocytoma

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24
Q

NEURO

Rosettes (4 Types) #1

4 Types, Def’n, Appearance, Seen In (General)?

A
  • True Ependymal: EMPTY
  • Homer-Wright: Neuropil
  • Perivascular Pseudo: Bl vessels
  • Flexner-Wintersteiner: Cytoplasmic extensions from tumor cells

Little round groupings of cells found in tumors.

Halo of tumor cells surrounding central ACELLULAR lumen
(composition of central LUMEN differentiates 4 different types).

SEEN IN:

  • Ependymomas
  • Medulloblastomas
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25
Q

NEURO

Rosettes (4 Types) #2

Tumors Assoc with Each Type?

A
  • True Ependymal: Ependymomas (however only in 1%)
  • Homer-Wright: Medulloblastomas (and other PNETs)
  • Perivascular Pseudo: Ependymomas + Medulloblastomas
  • Flexner-Wintersteiner: Retinoblastomas
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26
Q

NEURO

Globoid Cells

A

Krabbe Disease

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27
Q

NEURO

Oligodendrocytes

Appearance, Seen In?

A

“Fried egg” cells: round nuclei with clear cytoplasm.

SEEN IN:
- Oligodendroglioma (often calcified)

28
Q

NEURO

“Rod-shaped Blepharoblasts” found near nucleus

A

(Blepharoblasts = Basal ciliary bodies)

Ependymomas

29
Q

NEURO, CV

Foamy Cells

Def’n, Seen In (2)?

A

Lipids (LDL) oxidized and then consumed by Macrophages.

SEEN IN:

  • Hemangioblastoma
  • Atherosclerosis
30
Q

NEURO, GI

Kayser-Fleischer Rings

Def’n, Seen In?

A

Accumulation of Copper in Brain (esp Basal Ganglia), Eye + Liver.

SEEN IN:
- Wilson Disease

31
Q

RESP

Curschmann’s Spirals

Def’n, Seen In?

A

MUCOUS PLUGS formed by shed epithelium in sputum.

SEEN IN:
- Asthma

32
Q

RESP

Charcot-Leyden Crystals

Def’n, Mech of Formation, Seen In?

A

Hexagonal, double-pointed, needle-like crystals in bronchial secretions.

Formed from b/d of Eosinophils in sputum.

SEEN IN:
- Bronchial Asthma

33
Q

RESP

Ferruginous Bodies

Def’n, Seen In?

A

Rod-shaped structures with crystals on them.

SEEN IN:
- Asbestosis

34
Q

RESP

Asteroid bodies / Stellate inclusions

Seen In?

A

SEEN IN:

- Sarcoidosis (seen within Giant Cells of granuloma)

35
Q

RESP

Ivory White Calcified Pleural Plaques

Seen In?

A

SEEN IN:

- Asbestosis

36
Q

RESP

Asbestos Bodies

Def’n + Location, Seen In?

A

Golden-brown fusiform rods resembling “dumbbells”
located inside Macrophages.

SEEN IN:
- Asbestosis

37
Q

RESP

Ghon Complex

Def’n + 2 Locations, Seen In?

A

Focal CASEATING NECROSIS in lower lobe of lung + Hilar lymph nodes ->
Undergoes CALCIFICATION + FIBROSIS ->
Ghon Complex.

SEEN IN:
- Primary TB

38
Q

RESP

“Salt + Pepper” Neuroendocrine-type Chromatin

A

Small Cell / Oat Cell Carcinoma

39
Q

RESP

Lamellar Bodies

Location, Appearance, Function?

A

Found in Type II Pneumocytes.

Concentric “onion”-like shape.

Synthesize surfactant.

40
Q

RESP

Giant Cells in cytoplasm

Appearance, Seen In?

A

Pleomorphic. Leukocyte fragments.

SEEN IN:
- Large Cell Carcinoma

41
Q

GI

Howell-Jolly Bodies

Def’n, Seen In?

A

Basophilic nuclear remnants in RBCs- BLUE-BLACK inclusions.

SEEN IN:
- Splenectomy / Nonfunctional spleen

42
Q

RESP, SKIN

Keratin Pearls

A

Squamous Cell Carcinoma

43
Q

GI

Councilman Bodies

Def’n + Location, Seen In (2)?

A 
Eosinophilic GLOBULE (pink round cytoplasmic inclusions)
in Hepatocytes.

SEEN IN:

  • Viral / Toxic Hepatitis
  • Yellow Fever
44
Q

GI

Signet Rings

Def’n, Seen In (2)?

A

Mucin-filled cells with peripheral nuclei.

SEEN IN:

  • Krukenberg Tumor
  • Gastric Carcinoma
45
Q

GI

Macrovesicular Steatosis

Def’n, Seen In?

A

Hepatocytes filled with fat droplets.

SEEN IN:
- Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Dz

46
Q

GI

Dense Core Bodies

Seen In?

A

SEEN IN:

- Carcinoid Tumor

47
Q

GI

‘PAS-positive’ Globules in Liver

Seen In?

A

SEEN IN:

- a1-antitrypsin deficiency

48
Q

GI

Brown Hepatocytes

Seen In?

A

SEEN IN:

- Hemochromatosis

49
Q

GI

‘PAS-positive’ Foamy Macrophages

Seen In?

A

SEEN IN:

- Whipple’s (macrophages loaded with partially-destroyed T whippelli)

50
Q

GI

Stellate Cells (and their TGF-β)

Location, Seen In?

A

Lie beneath endothelial cells that line Liver Sinusoids.

SEEN IN:
- Cirrhosis

51
Q

GI

Mallory Bodies

Def’n + Location, Seen In?

A

Intracytoplasmic eosinophilic inclusions in Hepatocytes.

SEEN IN:
- Alcoholic Liver Disease / Hepatitis

52
Q

ENDO

“Ground glass” / “Orphan Annie Eyes” Chromatin/Nuclei

Def’n, Seen In?

A

Enlarged Thyroid cells with “ground-glass nuclei”.

SEEN IN:
- Papillary Carcinoma of Thyroid

53
Q

ENDO

Hurthle Cells

Def’n, Seen In?

A

Eosinophilic metaplasia of cells that line Thyroid follicles.

SEEN IN:
- Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis

54
Q

REPRO

Schiller-Duval Bodies

Def’n, Seen In?

A

“Glomeruli-like structures” surrounding vessels in germ cells.

SEEN IN:
- Yolk Sac Tumors (Ovarian + Testicular)

55
Q

REPRO

Reinke Crystals

Seen In?

A

SEEN IN:

- Leydig Cell Tumor

56
Q

REPRO

Call-Exner Bodies

Def’n (incl CLUE), Seen In?

A

“Ring of cells with pink in center”
Disarrayed cells / small follicles filled with eosinophilic secretions.

SEEN IN:
- Granulosa-Theca Cell Tumor of Ovary

57
Q

REPRO

Cowdry A Bodies

Def’n, Seen In?

A

Intranuclear inclusions.

SEEN IN:
- Herpes infections

58
Q

REPRO

Lobules containing LARGE CELLS with “central nuclei + watery cytoplasm” / “fried-egg appearance”

A

Seminomas

59
Q

CV

Vessel walls with “onion-skin” appearance

A

Hyaline Arteriosclerosis

60
Q

CV

Aschoff Bodies

Def’n, Seen In?

A

Granulomatous heart nodules with Giant cells.

SEEN IN:
- Rheumatic Fever

61
Q

CV

Anitschkow’s Cells

Def’n, Seen In?

A

Activated histiocytes.

SEEN IN:
- Rheumatic Fever

62
Q

CV

‘Heart-Failure’ Cells

Def’n + Location, Mech of Formation (3 steps), Seen In?

A

Hemosiderin-laden Macrophages in Lungs.

Small capillaries in lungs congested -> can burst ->
Intraalveolar HEM.

SEEN IN:
- Pulm Edema secondary to LHF

63
Q

RENAL

Kimmelsteil-Wilson Nodules

Def’n, MC Location, Mech of Production (2 steps),
Seen In, Pres (2 steps)?

A

Nodular hyaline deposits in glomeruli in Diabetic Nephropathy.

MC in Efferent Arterioles of Glomeruli.

MECH: Mesangial Sclerosis
NEG of vascular basement memb ->
Diffuse THICKENING of basement memb -> Small Vessel dz.

SEEN IN:
- Diabetic Nephropathy (Diabetes Mellitus)

PRES:
- Glomerular HYPERFILTRATION injury + MICROalbuminuria -> Nephrotic Sx

64
Q

BCEM

Gaucher Cells

Def’n, Seen In?

A

Lipid-laden Macrophages resembling “crumpled tissue paper”.

SEEN IN:
- Gaucher Dz (Lysosomal Storage Dz)

65
Q

MSK

Pseudorosettes

Def’n, Seen In?

A

Rings of cells with central vessel.

SEEN IN:
- Ewing Sarcoma

Findings (19 decks)

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