NEURO Stroke (Ischemic) Histo based on time since ischemic event: - 12-48 hrs -> ? - 24-72 hrs -> (2: 1 cell type, 1 process)? - 3-5 days -> ? - 1-2 wks -> (2 processes)? - > 2 wks -> ? - End result?

- Red Neurons (eosinophilic change in neurons' cytoplasm) - Neutrophils. Coagulative Necrosis - Macrophages - Vascular proliferation + Reactive gliosis - Glial scar - End result = fluid-filled cystic space surrounded by gliosis

Histology Flashcards by Clara D

Psammoma Bodies

Def’n, Seen In (4)?

Spindle cells concentrically arranged in a whorled pattern.
(Laminated calcifications)

SEEN IN:

Meningiomas
Mesotheliomas
Papillary Thyroid Carcinomas
Papillary Serous Carcinomas of Endometrium (sporadic pathway) + Ovary

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IMMUNO

Foamy Cells

Def’n + Significance, Formation (3 steps), Seen In (2)?

Fat-laden Macrophages.
Signify fatty deposit / plaque build-up (atherosclerosis) on vessel walls.

Macrophages sent to location of fatty deposit on vessel walls ->
SURROUND fatty deposit in attempt to destroy it ->
Become FAT-LADEN.

SEEN IN:

Atherosclerosis
Niemann-Pick Dz

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IMMUNO

Birbeck Granules

Def’n + Location, Seen In?

“Tennis racket”-shaped cytoplasmic organelles
in Langerhans cells.

SEEN IN:
- Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis / Histiocytosis X

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MICRO

Koilocytosis / Koilocytic change

Def’n (incl 3 features), Seen In?

Koilocytes in the layers of the squamous epithelium.
Koilocytes = dysplastic squamous epithelial cells with
nuclear enlargement + hyperchromasia
+ PERINUCLEAR VACUOLE (“halo”).

SEEN IN:
- HPV Infections

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MICRO

Clue Cells

Def’n, Seen In?

Bacteria on STIPPLED vaginal epithelial cells.

SEEN IN:
- Gardnerella Vaginalis

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MICRO

Cowdry A Bodies

Def’n, Seen In (2)?

INTRAnuclear eosinophilic “droplet-like” bodies.

SEEN IN:

CMV infection (intranuclear “owl eye” inclusions)
HSV infection

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MICRO

Cowdry A bodies
Multinucleated Giant Cells (on Tcanck test)

HSV-2 infection

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MICRO

Oval Yeast cells (within Macrophages)

Seen In?

SEEN IN:

- Histoplasma capsulatum infection in HIV

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MICRO

‘Amastigotes’ (within Macrophages)

Seen In?

SEEN IN:

- Leishmani donovani infection

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HEME

Reed-Sternberg Cells

Def'n (2 features), MC Subtype, CD (2), 
Mech of Action, 
Seen In (2), Prognosis (rule, best, worst)?

Giant BILOBED / BINUCLEATE B cell with prominent intranuclear inclusions.

MC subtype = Nodular Sclerosing form.

CD 15 + 30.

MECH = secrete CYTOKINES:

> Attract reactive cells
> Fibrosis (sometimes)
> ‘B symptoms’ (sometimes)

SEEN IN:

Hodgkin Lymphoma
CMV infections

PROGNOSIS: Better with strong stromal or lymphocytic reaction
against RS cells.
- Best = Lymphocyte-rich form
- Worst = Lymphocyte-poor or Mixed forms

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MICRO, HEME

“Maltese Cross” on bl smear

Babesia infection

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HEME

“Starry sky” appearance

(Stars = Macrophages, Sky = Lymphocytes)

Burkitt’s Lymphoma

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HEME

Russell Bodies

Def’n?

HYALINE SPHERES in Plasma cells.

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HEME

Hypersegmented Neutrophils

Seen In?

SEEN IN:

- Megaloblastic Anemia

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HEME

Sezary Cells

Def’n, Seen In?

T Lymphocytes with “cerebriform nuclei”.

SEEN IN:
- Mycosis Fungoides / Sezary Sx

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NEURO

Stroke (Ischemic)

Histo based on time since ischemic event:

12-48 hrs -> ?
24-72 hrs -> (2: 1 cell type, 1 process)?
3-5 days -> ?
1-2 wks -> (2 processes)?
> 2 wks -> ?
End result?

Red Neurons (eosinophilic change in neurons’ cytoplasm)
Neutrophils. Coagulative Necrosis
Macrophages
Vascular proliferation + Reactive gliosis
Glial scar
End result = fluid-filled cystic space surrounded by gliosis

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NEURO

Lewy Body

Def’n, Seen In?

Eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusions (round + pink) in nerve cells.

SEEN IN:
- Parkinson Disease

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NEURO

Negri Bodies of Rabies

Def’n + Brain Locations (2)?

Eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusions in nerve cells of

Cerebellum + Hippocampus.

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NEURO

Senile Plaques

Def’n, Seen In?

Extracellular amyloid deposition in gray matter of Brain.

SEEN IN:
- Alzheimer Disease

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NEURO

Protein aggregates in neurons

Mech, Seen As / In (2)?

Hyperphosphorylation of TAU PROTEIN.

SEEN AS / IN:

Neurofibrillary tangles (AD): tangles of fibers in neuron cytoplasm
Pick bodies (Pick Disease): silver tau protein deposits in neurons

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NEURO

Pick Bodies

Def’n, Seen In?

SILVER tau protein deposits in neurons.

SEEN IN:
- Pick Disease

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NEURO

Pseudopalisading tumor cell arrangement

Def’n, Seen In?

FOCI OF NECROSIS surrounded by intact tumor cells.

SEEN IN:
- Glioblastoma Multiforme

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NEURO

Rosenthal Fibers

Def’n + Significance (2), Seen In?

Thick + elongated worm-like / corkscrew EOSINOPHILIC bundle of fibers.
Representing eosinophilic processes + granular bodies of Astrocytes.

SEEN IN:
- Pilocytic Astrocytoma

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NEURO

Rosettes (4 Types) #1

4 Types, Def’n, Appearance, Seen In (General)?

True Ependymal: EMPTY
Homer-Wright: Neuropil
Perivascular Pseudo: Bl vessels
Flexner-Wintersteiner: Cytoplasmic extensions from tumor cells

Little round groupings of cells found in tumors.

Halo of tumor cells surrounding central ACELLULAR lumen
(composition of central LUMEN differentiates 4 different types).

SEEN IN:

Ependymomas
Medulloblastomas

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NEURO Rosettes (4 Types) #2 Tumors Assoc with Each Type?

- True Ependymal: Ependymomas (however only in 1%) - Homer-Wright: Medulloblastomas (and other PNETs) - Perivascular Pseudo: Ependymomas + Medulloblastomas - Flexner-Wintersteiner: Retinoblastomas

NEURO Globoid Cells

Krabbe Disease

NEURO Oligodendrocytes Appearance, Seen In?

"Fried egg" cells: round nuclei with clear cytoplasm. SEEN IN: - Oligodendroglioma (often calcified)

NEURO "Rod-shaped Blepharoblasts" found near nucleus

(Blepharoblasts = Basal ciliary bodies) Ependymomas

NEURO, CV Foamy Cells Def'n, Seen In (2)?

Lipids (LDL) oxidized and then consumed by Macrophages. SEEN IN: - Hemangioblastoma - Atherosclerosis

NEURO, GI Kayser-Fleischer Rings Def'n, Seen In?

Accumulation of Copper in Brain (esp Basal Ganglia), Eye + Liver. SEEN IN: - Wilson Disease

RESP Curschmann's Spirals Def'n, Seen In?

MUCOUS PLUGS formed by shed epithelium in sputum. SEEN IN: - Asthma

RESP Charcot-Leyden Crystals Def'n, Mech of Formation, Seen In?

Hexagonal, double-pointed, needle-like crystals in bronchial secretions. Formed from b/d of Eosinophils in sputum. SEEN IN: - Bronchial Asthma

RESP Ferruginous Bodies Def'n, Seen In?

Rod-shaped structures with crystals on them. SEEN IN: - Asbestosis

RESP Asteroid bodies / Stellate inclusions Seen In?

SEEN IN: | - Sarcoidosis (seen within Giant Cells of granuloma)

RESP Ivory White Calcified Pleural Plaques Seen In?

SEEN IN: | - Asbestosis

RESP Asbestos Bodies Def'n + Location, Seen In?

Golden-brown fusiform rods resembling "dumbbells" located inside Macrophages. SEEN IN: - Asbestosis

RESP Ghon Complex Def'n + 2 Locations, Seen In?

Focal CASEATING NECROSIS in lower lobe of lung + Hilar lymph nodes -> Undergoes CALCIFICATION + FIBROSIS -> Ghon Complex. SEEN IN: - Primary TB

RESP "Salt + Pepper" Neuroendocrine-type Chromatin

Small Cell / Oat Cell Carcinoma

RESP Lamellar Bodies Location, Appearance, Function?

Found in Type II Pneumocytes. Concentric "onion"-like shape. Synthesize surfactant.

RESP Giant Cells in cytoplasm Appearance, Seen In?

Pleomorphic. Leukocyte fragments. SEEN IN: - Large Cell Carcinoma

GI Howell-Jolly Bodies Def'n, Seen In?

Basophilic nuclear remnants in RBCs- BLUE-BLACK inclusions. SEEN IN: - Splenectomy / Nonfunctional spleen

RESP, SKIN Keratin Pearls

Squamous Cell Carcinoma

GI Councilman Bodies Def'n + Location, Seen In (2)?

``` Eosinophilic GLOBULE (pink round cytoplasmic inclusions) in Hepatocytes. ``` SEEN IN: - Viral / Toxic Hepatitis - Yellow Fever

GI Signet Rings Def'n, Seen In (2)?

Mucin-filled cells with peripheral nuclei. SEEN IN: - Krukenberg Tumor - Gastric Carcinoma

GI Macrovesicular Steatosis Def'n, Seen In?

Hepatocytes filled with fat droplets. SEEN IN: - Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Dz

GI Dense Core Bodies Seen In?

SEEN IN: | - Carcinoid Tumor

GI 'PAS-positive' Globules in Liver Seen In?

SEEN IN: | - a1-antitrypsin deficiency

GI Brown Hepatocytes Seen In?

SEEN IN: | - Hemochromatosis

GI 'PAS-positive' Foamy Macrophages Seen In?

SEEN IN: | - Whipple's (macrophages loaded with partially-destroyed T whippelli)

GI Stellate Cells (and their TGF-β) Location, Seen In?

Lie beneath endothelial cells that line Liver Sinusoids. SEEN IN: - Cirrhosis

GI Mallory Bodies Def'n + Location, Seen In?

Intracytoplasmic eosinophilic inclusions in Hepatocytes. SEEN IN: - Alcoholic Liver Disease / Hepatitis

ENDO "Ground glass" / "Orphan Annie Eyes" Chromatin/Nuclei Def'n, Seen In?

Enlarged Thyroid cells with "ground-glass nuclei". SEEN IN: - Papillary Carcinoma of Thyroid

ENDO Hurthle Cells Def'n, Seen In?

Eosinophilic metaplasia of cells that line Thyroid follicles. SEEN IN: - Hashimoto's Thyroiditis

REPRO Schiller-Duval Bodies Def'n, Seen In?

"Glomeruli-like structures" surrounding vessels in germ cells. SEEN IN: - Yolk Sac Tumors (Ovarian + Testicular)

REPRO Reinke Crystals Seen In?

SEEN IN: | - Leydig Cell Tumor

REPRO Call-Exner Bodies Def'n (incl CLUE), Seen In?

"Ring of cells with pink in center" Disarrayed cells / small follicles filled with eosinophilic secretions. SEEN IN: - Granulosa-Theca Cell Tumor of Ovary

REPRO Cowdry A Bodies Def'n, Seen In?

Intranuclear inclusions. SEEN IN: - Herpes infections

REPRO Lobules containing LARGE CELLS with "central nuclei + watery cytoplasm" / "fried-egg appearance"

Seminomas

CV Vessel walls with "onion-skin" appearance

Hyaline Arteriosclerosis

CV Aschoff Bodies Def'n, Seen In?

Granulomatous heart nodules with Giant cells. SEEN IN: - Rheumatic Fever

CV Anitschkow's Cells Def'n, Seen In?

Activated histiocytes. SEEN IN: - Rheumatic Fever

CV 'Heart-Failure' Cells Def'n + Location, Mech of Formation (3 steps), Seen In?

Hemosiderin-laden Macrophages in Lungs. Small capillaries in lungs congested -> can burst -> Intraalveolar HEM. SEEN IN: - Pulm Edema secondary to LHF

RENAL Kimmelsteil-Wilson Nodules Def'n, MC Location, Mech of Production (2 steps), Seen In, Pres (2 steps)?

Nodular hyaline deposits in glomeruli in Diabetic Nephropathy. MC in Efferent Arterioles of Glomeruli. MECH: Mesangial Sclerosis NEG of vascular basement memb -> Diffuse THICKENING of basement memb -> Small Vessel dz. SEEN IN: - Diabetic Nephropathy (Diabetes Mellitus) PRES: - Glomerular HYPERFILTRATION injury + MICROalbuminuria -> Nephrotic Sx

BCEM Gaucher Cells Def'n, Seen In?

Lipid-laden Macrophages resembling "crumpled tissue paper". SEEN IN: - Gaucher Dz (Lysosomal Storage Dz)

MSK Pseudorosettes Def'n, Seen In?

Rings of cells with central vessel. SEEN IN: - Ewing Sarcoma