Skin Flashcards by Clara D

Angioma

Def’n, Seen In?

Benign tumor derived from cells of vascular or lymphatic vessel walls (epithelium) or from cells / tissue surrounding vessels.

SEEN IN:
- Sturge-Weber Sx (leptomeningeal angiomas)

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Angiokeratoma

Def’n, Seen In?

Cutaneous lesion of dilated capillaries ->
Small red-purple raised spots.

SEEN IN:
- Fabry dz (Lysosomal Storage dz)

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Auspitz Sign

Def’n, Cause, Seen In?

Pinpoint bleeding spots.

CAUSE: Exposure of dermal papillae when scales are scraped off

SEEN IN:
- Psoriasis

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Acantholysis

Location Affected, Def’n / Pres, Seen In?

Skin + Oral mucosa.

Intraepidermal bullae causing flaccid blisters.

SEEN IN:
- Pemphigus Vulgaris

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Hyperpigmentation

Mech, Seen In?

MECH = ↑MSH

SEEN IN:
- Addison’s (↑MSH due to ↑ACTH)

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Nikolsky’s Sign

Def’n, (Positive) Seen In?

Separation of epidermis upon manual stroking of skin.

+ SEEN IN:
- Pemphigus Vulgaris

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Xanthomas

Location Affected (MC), Def’n, Seen In (3)?

MC in Eyelids (= Xanthelasma)

Yellowish plaques / nodules in skin composed of lipid-laden histiocytes in skin.

SEEN IN:

I-hyperchylomicronemia (“eruptive / pruritic” xanthomas)
Hyperlipidemia
Biliary Tract Obstruction / Obstructive Jaundice

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NEURO

Adenoma Sebaceum

Def’n, Seen In?

Raised erythematous papules on face, esp around nose.

SEEN IN: Tuberous Sclerosis

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NEURO

Ash-Leaf Spots

Def’n, Seen In?

Hypomelanic / hypopigmented patches of skin. Anywhere on body.

SEEN IN:
- Sturge-Weber Sx

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NEURO

Cafe-au-Lait Spots

Def’n, Seen In (2)?

Brown lesions with either smooth or irregular borders.

SEEN IN:

Neurofibromatosis Type 1
McCune-Albright Sx

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NEURO, CV

Port-Wine Stains (nevus flammeus)

Def’n, Distribution, Seen In?

Hemangioma / birthmark in which swollen blood vessels create a REDDISH-PURPLISH discoloration of skin.

DISTR: V1 + V2 distr of trigeminal nerve

SEEN IN:
- Sturge-Weber Sx

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MSK

Butterfly / Malar Rash

Def’n, Seen In (2)?

Rash involving nose + cheeks.

SEEN IN:

SLE
Dermatomyositis

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MSK, GI

Erythema Nodosum

Location Affected, Def’n, Seen In?

Shins.

Infl of fat cells under skin -> tender red lumps on Shins.

SEEN IN:
- IBD

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Pyoderma Gangrenosum

Seen In?

SEEN IN:

- IBD

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ENDO

Generalized Hyperpigmentation

SEEN IN: Addison Disease

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REPRO

Chancre

Def’n, Seen In?

PAINLESS ulcer, usually on genitalia.

SEEN IN: Primary Syphilis

REPRO

Chancroid

Def’n + Chars (3), Seen In?

PAINFUL ulcer, usually on genitalia, with:

EXUDATE
Adenopathy
Slow to heal

SEEN IN: Haemophilus ducreyi infection

REPRO

Conyloma Lata

Def’n, Seen In, Micro Findings?

PAINLESS smooth, flat, moist, white genital lesions.

SEEN IN: Secondary Syphilis

FINDINGS:
- Spirochetes (scrapings may show)

REPRO

Vesicles (small + painful)

Seen In (2)?

SEEN IN:

Herpes
Dermatitis Herpetiformis

MICRO

Rash on Palms + Soles

Seen In (3)?

SEEN IN:

Secondary Syphilis
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
Coxsackie A virus

MICRO

Rash that starts centrally and spreads, SPARING palms + soles

Seen In?

SEEN IN: Rickettsii infections (wrists)

MICRO

“Slapped cheek” rash on face

Seen In?

SEEN IN: Erythema Infectiosum (Parvo B19)

MICRO

Erythema Chronicum Migrans

Def’n, Seen In?

Expanding red ring with central clearing (“target”) at tick bite site.

SEEN IN: Lyme Disease

MICRO

Koplik Spots

Def’n, Seen In (2)?

Small red spots w blue-white centers on buccal / lingual mucosa.

SEEN IN:

Measles (Koplik Spots precede Measles rash by 1-2 days)
Rubeola virus

MICRO Facial / Oral Abscesses -> Drain thr sinus tracts Causative Bug, Micro Finding (CLUE)?

Actinomyces. FINDING = "yellow sulfur granules"

MICRO "Black necrotic eschar" on face Seen In?

SEEN IN: Mucor + Rhizopus infections

MICRO "Blueberry muffin" rash Seen In (2)?

SEEN IN: - Congenital Rubella (indicative of extramedullary hematopoiesis) - CMV

MICRO, CV Bacillary Angiomatosis Def'n, Causative Bugs?

Benign capillary skin papules found in AIDS patients. *** Frequently mistaken for Kaposi Sarcoma *** Bartonella henselae

MICRO, CV Kaposi Sarcoma Def'n, Locations Affected (4), Causative Bugs, Pres (3 Epi + CLUE)?

Endothelial malignancy of skin. *** Frequently mistaken for Bacillary Angiomatosis *** - Skin - Lymph nodes - Lungs - GI tract HHV-8 PRES: AIDS patients, Transplant recipients, Elderly Eastern-European Males. - "Purple patches, plaques + nodules on skin / mouth"

CV Osler Nodes Location Affected, Def'n, Mech, Seen In?

Pads of Digits. PAINFUL raised red lesions on pads of fingers / toes. MECH: Due to IC deposition SEEN IN: - Bacterial Endocarditis

CV Janeway Lesions Location Affected, Def'n, Mech (2 options), Seen In?

Palms / Soles. PAINLESS red lesions on palms / soles. MECH: - Microabscesses OR - Septic Emboli SEEN IN: - Bacterial Endocarditis

CV "Hand-Foot Erythema" Seen In?

SEEN IN: | - Kawasaki Dz

CV Palpable Purpura Seen In (3)?

SEEN IN: (Small-Vessel Vasculites) - Churg-Strauss Sx - Henoch-Schonlein Purpura (on "buttocks + legs") - Microscopic Polyangitis

CV Erythema Marginatum Locations Affected (2 MC), Def'n, Seen In?

*MC on Trunk + Limbs* Rash with erythematous borders. SEEN IN: - Rheumatic Fever

CV Glomus Tumor Def'n (incl CLUE), Origin?

Vascular tumor. Benign "painful red-blue tumor under fingernails". ORIGIN = modified smooth muscle cells of glomus body. (Glomus Body = component of dermis involved in body temp regulation)

BCEM Elastic skin

SEEN IN: Ehlers-Danlos Sx

BCEM Dark Connective Tis Seen In?

SEEN IN: Alkaptonuria / Ochronosis