Skin Flashcards
Angioma
Def’n, Seen In?
Benign tumor derived from cells of vascular or lymphatic vessel walls (epithelium) or from cells / tissue surrounding vessels.
SEEN IN:
- Sturge-Weber Sx (leptomeningeal angiomas)
Angiokeratoma
Def’n, Seen In?
Cutaneous lesion of dilated capillaries ->
Small red-purple raised spots.
SEEN IN:
- Fabry dz (Lysosomal Storage dz)
Auspitz Sign
Def’n, Cause, Seen In?
Pinpoint bleeding spots.
CAUSE: Exposure of dermal papillae when scales are scraped off
SEEN IN:
- Psoriasis
Acantholysis
Location Affected, Def’n / Pres, Seen In?
Skin + Oral mucosa.
Intraepidermal bullae causing flaccid blisters.
SEEN IN:
- Pemphigus Vulgaris
Hyperpigmentation
Mech, Seen In?
MECH = ↑MSH
SEEN IN:
- Addison’s (↑MSH due to ↑ACTH)
Nikolsky’s Sign
Def’n, (Positive) Seen In?
Separation of epidermis upon manual stroking of skin.
+ SEEN IN:
- Pemphigus Vulgaris
Xanthomas
Location Affected (MC), Def’n, Seen In (3)?
MC in Eyelids (= Xanthelasma)
Yellowish plaques / nodules in skin composed of lipid-laden histiocytes in skin.
SEEN IN:
- I-hyperchylomicronemia (“eruptive / pruritic” xanthomas)
- Hyperlipidemia
- Biliary Tract Obstruction / Obstructive Jaundice
NEURO
Adenoma Sebaceum
Def’n, Seen In?
Raised erythematous papules on face, esp around nose.
SEEN IN: Tuberous Sclerosis
NEURO
Ash-Leaf Spots
Def’n, Seen In?
Hypomelanic / hypopigmented patches of skin. Anywhere on body.
SEEN IN:
- Sturge-Weber Sx
NEURO
Cafe-au-Lait Spots
Def’n, Seen In (2)?
Brown lesions with either smooth or irregular borders.
SEEN IN:
- Neurofibromatosis Type 1
- McCune-Albright Sx
NEURO, CV
Port-Wine Stains (nevus flammeus)
Def’n, Distribution, Seen In?
Hemangioma / birthmark in which swollen blood vessels create a REDDISH-PURPLISH discoloration of skin.
DISTR: V1 + V2 distr of trigeminal nerve
SEEN IN:
- Sturge-Weber Sx
MSK
Butterfly / Malar Rash
Def’n, Seen In (2)?
Rash involving nose + cheeks.
SEEN IN:
- SLE
- Dermatomyositis
MSK, GI
Erythema Nodosum
Location Affected, Def’n, Seen In?
Shins.
Infl of fat cells under skin -> tender red lumps on Shins.
SEEN IN:
- IBD
GI
Pyoderma Gangrenosum
Seen In?
SEEN IN:
- IBD
ENDO
Generalized Hyperpigmentation
SEEN IN: Addison Disease
REPRO
Chancre
Def’n, Seen In?
PAINLESS ulcer, usually on genitalia.
SEEN IN: Primary Syphilis
REPRO
Chancroid
Def’n + Chars (3), Seen In?
PAINFUL ulcer, usually on genitalia, with:
- EXUDATE
- Adenopathy
- Slow to heal
SEEN IN: Haemophilus ducreyi infection
REPRO
Conyloma Lata
Def’n, Seen In, Micro Findings?
PAINLESS smooth, flat, moist, white genital lesions.
SEEN IN: Secondary Syphilis
FINDINGS:
- Spirochetes (scrapings may show)
REPRO
Vesicles (small + painful)
Seen In (2)?
SEEN IN:
- Herpes
- Dermatitis Herpetiformis
MICRO
Rash on Palms + Soles
Seen In (3)?
SEEN IN:
- Secondary Syphilis
- Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
- Coxsackie A virus
MICRO
Rash that starts centrally and spreads, SPARING palms + soles
Seen In?
SEEN IN: Rickettsii infections (wrists)
MICRO
“Slapped cheek” rash on face
Seen In?
SEEN IN: Erythema Infectiosum (Parvo B19)
MICRO
Erythema Chronicum Migrans
Def’n, Seen In?
Expanding red ring with central clearing (“target”) at tick bite site.
SEEN IN: Lyme Disease
MICRO
Koplik Spots
Def’n, Seen In (2)?
Small red spots w blue-white centers on buccal / lingual mucosa.
SEEN IN:
- Measles (Koplik Spots precede Measles rash by 1-2 days)
- Rubeola virus
MICRO
Facial / Oral Abscesses -> Drain thr sinus tracts
Causative Bug, Micro Finding (CLUE)?
Actinomyces.
FINDING = “yellow sulfur granules”
MICRO
“Black necrotic eschar” on face
Seen In?
SEEN IN: Mucor + Rhizopus infections
MICRO
“Blueberry muffin” rash
Seen In (2)?
SEEN IN:
- Congenital Rubella (indicative of extramedullary hematopoiesis)
- CMV
MICRO, CV
Bacillary Angiomatosis
Def’n, Causative Bugs?
Benign capillary skin papules found in AIDS patients.
** Frequently mistaken for Kaposi Sarcoma **
Bartonella henselae
MICRO, CV
Kaposi Sarcoma
Def’n, Locations Affected (4), Causative Bugs,
Pres (3 Epi + CLUE)?
Endothelial malignancy of skin.
** Frequently mistaken for Bacillary Angiomatosis **
- Skin
- Lymph nodes
- Lungs
- GI tract
HHV-8
PRES: AIDS patients, Transplant recipients,
Elderly Eastern-European Males.
- “Purple patches, plaques + nodules on skin / mouth”
CV
Osler Nodes
Location Affected, Def’n, Mech, Seen In?
Pads of Digits.
PAINFUL raised red lesions on pads of fingers / toes.
MECH: Due to IC deposition
SEEN IN:
- Bacterial Endocarditis
CV
Janeway Lesions
Location Affected, Def’n, Mech (2 options), Seen In?
Palms / Soles.
PAINLESS red lesions on palms / soles.
MECH:
- Microabscesses
OR
- Septic Emboli
SEEN IN:
- Bacterial Endocarditis
CV
“Hand-Foot Erythema”
Seen In?
SEEN IN:
- Kawasaki Dz
CV
Palpable Purpura
Seen In (3)?
SEEN IN: (Small-Vessel Vasculites)
- Churg-Strauss Sx
- Henoch-Schonlein Purpura (on “buttocks + legs”)
- Microscopic Polyangitis
CV
Erythema Marginatum
Locations Affected (2 MC), Def’n, Seen In?
MC on Trunk + Limbs
Rash with erythematous borders.
SEEN IN:
- Rheumatic Fever
CV
Glomus Tumor
Def’n (incl CLUE), Origin?
Vascular tumor. Benign “painful red-blue tumor under fingernails”.
ORIGIN = modified smooth muscle cells of glomus body.
(Glomus Body = component of dermis involved in body temp regulation)
BCEM
Elastic skin
SEEN IN: Ehlers-Danlos Sx
BCEM
Dark Connective Tis
Seen In?
SEEN IN: Alkaptonuria / Ochronosis
