Urine

Question 1

Age effects of Kidneys

Answer 1

Decrease in size and weight of kidney from 30 to 90 years of age
Decreased blood flow

Question 2

Major categories of kidney Stones

Answer 2

Calcium phosphate, calcium oxalate, uric acid, crystine struvite (magnesium-ammonium phosphate)

Question 3

Two approaches are used for the management of renal lithiasis

Answer 3

Relieve pain

Relieve obstruction/prevent future stones

Question 4

Urinary incontinence and retention

• Diagnosis
• Treatment

Answer 4

• Diagnosis is done with a urinary log, urine residuals, U/A, urine cultures, ultra sounds, IV, CT Pelvic muscle strength testing, Bladder and sphincter testing.
• Treatment depends on the type but can consist of bladder routines, catheterizations, muscle floor therapies, biofeedback, incontinent pads, condom catheters, electric simulation.

Question 5

Several procedures may be used to treat urinary obstructions

Answer 5

cystoscopy, cystolitholapaxy, or percutaneous nephrolithotomy.