Obesity

Question 1

Environmental factors causing obesity:

Answer 1

• Greater access to prepackaged and fast foods
• Larger portion sizes
• Lack of physical activity
• Sedentary recreation
• Lack of low calorie nutritious foods accessible to those of low socioeconomic status

Question 2

WHR

• optinal
• at risk

Answer 2

WHR <0.8: optimal

WHR >0.8: at risk for health complications

Question 3

Pathophysiology of Obesity

Answer 3

Energy intake exceeds energy output.

Question 4

Health Risks Associated withObesity

Answer 4

• increased mortality
• decreased quality of life

Cardiovascular problem

• hypertension
• increased cardiac output

Respiratory problems

• hard to breathe, sleep apnea, hypoventilation syndrome
• Reduced chest wall compliance, Have decrease total lung capacity/ residual lung capacity  weighr loss improves this

Diabetes mellitus
-insuline resistance (connected to visceral fat)
90% of type 2 diabestis is associated with overweight

Musculo-skeletal problems
-Hyperglycemia, gout

Gastrointestinal and liver problems
GERD, gallstones (bile becomes super saturated with cholesteral), fatty liver

Cancer
- cervical, brests, ovarian), colorectal and colon cancer, higher mortality rate with prostate cancer

Psychosocial Issues
-stigma, discriminateion (employment, education, healthcare)

Question 5

Metabolic Syndrome other 3 names

Answer 5

Syndrome X
Insulin resistance syndrome
Dysmetabolic syndrome

Question 6

Metabolic syndrome is diagnosed if an individual has three or more of the above conditions:

Answer 6

• increase waist circumference
• high HDL cgolesteral levels
• hypertension
• abdornal fasting glucose level

Question 7

Metabolic Syndrone Main underlying risk factors

Answer 7

Visceral fat

Insulin resistance

Question 8

Metabolic Syndrome: treatment

Answer 8

1) Lifestyle therapy is first line of intervention.
• Manage cholesterol, stop smoking, and lower blood pressure.
• Reduce glucose levels, lose weight.
• Increase physical activity and healthy dietary habits.
2) Because the condition can only be managed, not treated, the nurse can assist clients by providing information.

Question 9

Obesity Assessment:

Answer 9

Note: Client may withhold information out of embarrassment or shyness.
• education
• questions about diagnostic test results
• Health history
>Time of obesity onset
>Diseases related to metabolism and obesity
>Medications
>Height, weight, BMI, waist circumference

Question 10

Obesity Nursing diagnoses

Answer 10

Obesity
Impaired skin integrity
Ineffective breathing pattern
Chronic low self-esteem
Impaired physical mobility
Disturbed body image

Question 11

Goals/interventions with Obesity:

Answer 11

• Modify eating patterns.
• Participate in a regular physical activity program.
• Achieve weight maintenance or loss to a specified level.
• Maintain weight loss to a specified level.
• Minimize or prevent health problems related to obesity.
• Successful weight loss, requiring a short-term energy deficit
• Successful weight control, requiring long-term behaviour changes
• All opportunities for client education should stress healthy eating and physical activity.
• High incidence of weight regain can be expected, even with comprehensive plan in place.

Question 12

Drug Therapy for Obesity

Answer 12

Either:

1) ↓ Food intake by reducing appetite or increasing satiety
2) ↓ Nutrient absorption

Only kind approved in Canada is: ↓ Nutrient absorption

Question 13

Criteria for bariatric surgery:

Answer 13

1) BMI over 40

2) BMI 35 with comorbid criteria.