Breasts

Question 1

Breast cancer Risk factors for women

Answer 1

• ≥60 years of age
• Family history
• Personal history of cancer (breast, colon, endometrial, ovarian)
• Early menarche or late menopause
• Full-term pregnancy >30 years of age
• Benign breast disease with atypical epithelial hyperplasia, lobular carcinoma in situ
• Weight gain and obesity after menopause
• Exposure to ionizing radiation
• Combined hormone replacement therapy

Question 2

Breast cancer specific genetic abnormality

Answer 2

Tumour suppressor gene, p53

BRCA genes

Question 3

If palpable, breast cancer is

Answer 3

• hard.
• irregularly shaped.
• poorly delineated.
• nonmobile.
• nontender.

Question 4

Breast Conservative Therapy Cons

Answer 4

• Increased cost of surgery
• Cost of radiation over surgery alone
• Possible adverse effects of radiation and surgery