Urinary Traxt Stones Flashcards
1
Q
Who is it most common In
A
Men to women ratio is 3:1
2
Q
What is it’s significance to renal disease
A
Most common urological emergency
3
Q
What age group
A
20/3-50 years of age
4
Q
Causes
A
Cysturia Hypervitamin D parathyroidism and hyper caluria Metabolism error Xanthinuria Infection Impaired urinary drainage Pelvic structure obstruction
5
Q
Risk factors
A
Obesity Diet western Hypertension Family history Gout Dehydration Cal And vitamin . D med Anatomical abnormalities Hot weather
6
Q
Made of what
A
75% calcium
15 straite
5 Uric acid
1-2 cysteine
7
Q
Investigations
A
Elevated Crp and esr Creatine raised Serum calcium phosphate uric acid Uss Ct scan Urine dipstick Stone analysis The first time, recurrence whilst on medication, late recurrence with last episode a while ago Midstream specimen, x-ray
8
Q
Management
A
Analgesia is smaller than 0.5cm nsaid Nephrotomy Nephrolithotomy Stent insertion lithotripsy Anti enemtic Redhydration therapy Ccb nifedipine Alpha blocker and prednislone
9
Q
Presentation
A
Sudden severe pain loin, moving pain in line with sight of stone, can radiate to anterior thigh groin Can be flank if hugher up Radiate to testes labia Usually constant can switch between dull aches Fever rigours Nausea vomiting Reduced urine output Haematuria Tenderness on palpation Low bp Reduced bowel sounds Dysuria
