prostatic carincoma Flashcards
what increases risk?
age
80% risk in men over 80 years of age
what is the top cancer in men?
prostatic
25% of all male cancers
cause
genetic mutation affecting androgen receptor in men?
rf?
age
men of black-African ancestory
family history 2.5x more likely if father and 4.3x if 1st degree rel before 60.
braca gene -30% increased risk
symptoms?
similar to BPH -haematuria, difficulty initiation, burning pain during, increased freq and during night, loss o bladder control, decreased flow, blood
hard irregular gland
diagnostic?
serum PSA elevated
USS
biopsy
treatment?
prostectomy
radiotherapy
orchiectomy
survival rate?
80-90% survival rate 5 year
what proportion are asymptomatic?
2/3
what are the majority?
adenocarcinoma
95%
what grading system is used?
gleason
what is palpable on PR?
hard irregular prostate
asymmetry of gland
nodules withi lobes
palpable seminal vesicles
advances disease?
bone pain weight loss paralysis due to spinal cord compression malaise paraplegia anuria
what is an alternative treatment for those who cant have surgery?
androgen deprivatio therapy
for elderly who cannot have surgery
example : goserelin leuprorelin (LHRH agonist)
what does the gleason scoring system determine?
differentiation of cells within the tumour?
more differentiated -> 2-10
