Urinary Tract Infections

Question 1

UTI classification

Answer 1

Uncomplicated vs complicated
Upper vs Lower

Question 2

Why are UTIs more common in women?

Answer 2

Shorter urethras
Shorter distance to anus

Question 3

Most common UTI pathogen

Answer 3

E. coli

Question 4

UTI pathogens

Answer 4

E. coli - most common
Staph saprophyticus - nitrites negative, young females
Proteus - abnormal urinary tracts, struvite stones
Klebsiella - abnormal urinary tracts
Pseudomonas - recurrent infections
Staphyloccus aureus - haematogenous spread - abscesses
Candida - indwelling catheter

Question 5

UTI Sx

Answer 5

Classic - Frequency, dysuria, abdo pain, foul smelling urine
Elderly - delirium, falls
<2 years old - fever, vomiting, not eating
Pyelonephritis - fever + rigors, loin pain

Question 6

UTI Ix

Answer 6

Can be clinical dx
Urine dip - leuk+, nit+
Urine MCS - >10^4 colony forming units

Question 7

What can indicate a contaminated urine sample

Answer 7

Squamous epithelial cells
Mixed growth

Question 8

UTI Mx

Answer 8

Lower UTI - nitrfurantoin/trimethoprim/cephalexi3d(uncomplicated) or 7d (complicated
Pyeloneph - admit, IV co-amox + gent