GI Infections Flashcards
3 main clinical syndromes caused by GI infections
Secretory diarrhoea
Inflammatory diarrhoea
Enteric fever
Mechanism of secretory diarrhoea
Toxin production → Cl- secretion into the lumen
Pathogenic causes of secretory diarrhoea
Cholera, ETEC, EPEC (enteropathogenic E. coli), viruses
Causes of inflammatory diarrhoea
Inflammation and bacteraemia
CHESS organisms
Causes of Enteric fever
Typhoidal salmonella
Yersinia
Brucella
Sources of Clostridium botulinum
Vacuum packed food
Inactivated by cooking
Symptoms of Clostridium botulinum
Cleavage of SNARE proteins prevenitng ACh release → descending paralysis
Mx of Clostridium botulinum
Antitoxin
C. perfringens sources
Reheated meats
C. perfringens incubation
8-16hrs
C. perfringens Sx
24 hrs water diarrhoea and cramps
gas gangrene
Clostridium difficile causes and key complcations
3 Cs ABx
Pseudomembranous colitis
Clostridium difficile management
- Vancomycin
- Fidaxomicin
Bacillus cereus source and incubation
Source - reheated rice
Incubation - short (4hrs), long (18hrs)
Staph aureus toxin and incubation
Enterotoxin
2-4 hrs (STwoFourlococcus)
E. coli forms
ETEC - Traveller’s
EIEC - Invasive dysentery
EHEC - haemorrhagic
EPEC - infantile diarrhoea (Paeds)
What can you treat E. coli with?
Ciprofloxacin
HUS triad and cause in E. coli
Anaemia, thrombocytopaenia, renal failure
O157:H7 toxin
Salmonella typhi and paratyphi symptoms
Enteric fever - constipation, fever, rose spots, splenomegaly
Salmonella typhi and paratyphi treatment
IV ceftriaxone then PO azithromycin
Salmonella enteritidis sources
Poultry, eggs, meat
Salmonella enteritidis incubation
12-48 hrs
Shigella features
Distal ileum and colon → mucosal inflammation, fever, pain and bloody diarrhoea
Vibrio cholerae features
Rice water stool
Comma shaped bacteria
