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Path guide micro > Respiratory Tract Infections > Flashcards

Respiratory Tract Infections Flashcards

1
Q

Define URTI

A

Infections larynx and above
pharyngitis, sinusitis, tonsillitis

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2
Q

Define LRTI

A

Lung infection
pneumonia bronchiectasis empyema abscess

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3
Q

Define Bronchitis

A

Infections larynx and above
pharyngitis, sinusitis, tonsillitis

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4
Q

Define pneumonia

A

Inflammation of the lung alveoli

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5
Q

What is a hospital acquired pneumonia?

A

Pneumonia after >48 hours in hospital

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6
Q

Most common HAP organism

A

Enterobacteriaceae

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7
Q

Most common CAP organism

A

Strep pneumoniae

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8
Q

Typical features of streptococcus pneumoniae pneumonia

A

Rusty-coloured sputum
Lobar CXR

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9
Q

Microscopy appearance of streptococcus pneumoniae pneumonia

A

Gram +ve diplococci

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10
Q

Typical features of haemophilus influenzae pneumonia

A

Smoker, COPD
Bronchopneumonia

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11
Q

Microscopy appearance of Haemophilus influenzae pneumonia

A

Gram -ve cocco-bacilli

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12
Q

Typical features of Moraxella catarrhalis pneumonia

A

Smoker, COPD

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13
Q

Microscopy of Moraxella catarrhalis pneumonia

A

Gram -ve diplococci

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14
Q

Typical features of Staphylococcus aureus pneumonia

A

Recent viral infection
Cavitating lesion on CXR

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15
Q

Microscopy of Staphylococcus aureus pneumonia

A

Gram +ve cocci “grape clusters”

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16
Q

Typical features of Klebsiella pneumonia

A

Alcoholics, DM, elderly
Upper lobe cavitating lesion

17
Q

Risks, features and diagnosis of Legionella pneumophila

A

Risks: air conditioning, hotels
features - hepatitis, hyponatraemia
Dx - urinary antigen test

18
Q

Risks, features and management of Mycoplasma pneumoniae

A

Risks - young people
Features - dry cough, arthralgia, cold agglutinin / AIHA, erythema multiforme
Mx - tetracycline or macrolide

19
Q

RTIs to consider in HIV patients

A

PCP
TB

20
Q

PCP features and Mx

A

Features - severe SOB, CXR bat wing
Mx - co-trimoxazole

21
Q

What organisms are splenectomy patients susceptible to?

A

Encapsulated bateria - NHS

22
Q

What organisms are patients with cystic fibrosis susceptible to?

A

Pseudomonas aeruginosa - ceftazadime
Burkholderia cepacia

23
Q

What organism are patients with neutropenia susceptible to?

A

Aspergillus - halo sign on CT

24
Q

Pneumonia Dx

A
  1. CXR
  2. Sputum MCS - bronchoalveolar lavage if dry cough
  3. Atypical screen - urinary antigens for legionella, serum antibodies for difficult to culture antigens
25
Q

CURB-65 score

A

Confusion
Urea > 7
RR > 20
BP < 90/60
>65

26
Q

CAP Mx based on CURB-65 score

A

0-1 - PO amox 5d - OPD
2 - PO amox + clarithromycin - admit
3-5 - IV amox and clarithro - consider ITU

27
Q

HAP Mx

A
  1. cipro + vanc
  2. tazocin + van
  3. Aspiration - taz + metronidazole

Path guide micro (22 decks)

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