Urinary Tract Infection Flashcards
List 4 common causative organisms in UTI
E coli
proteus
klebsiella
enterococcus
List four general systemic factors that might predispose an individual to a UTI
immunosuppression
steroids
malnutrition
diabetes
What specific urological problems might lead to an increased risk of UTI?
shorter urethra
sexual intercourse (poor voiding habits)
congenital abnormalities
stasis of urine
foreign bodies (catheters stones etc)
clinical features of a child with a UTI include:
diarrhoea
excessive crying
fever
nausea/ vomiting
clinical features of an adult with a UTI include:
flank pain
dysuria
cloudy offensive urine
urgency
what are the clinical features of acute pyelonephritis?
pyrexia
dysuria
loin tenderness
signs of dehydration
frequency
Investigations you would do for a UTI
MSSU
Urinalysis (blood, leukocytes, protein, nitrates)
microbiology (bacteria >10^5)
What test would you do in men, children and those with recurrent UTIs?
ultrasound
How do you treat UTI?
Fluids
antibiotics
(IV antibiotics if severe)
what antibiotics can be used in treating a UTI?
trimethoprim
amoxicillin
cephalosporin
What is reflux nephropathy?
kidney damage due to urine flowing backward from the bladder towards the kidney
What signs would you see if the patient had chronic pyelonephritis?
scarring
clubbing
hypertension
how would you diagnose chronic pyelonephritis?
radiological diagnosis
UTI in the kidneys are called:
acute or chronic pyelonephritis
UTI in the bladder is called
cystitis
