Tumours of the Urinary System 2 Flashcards
UTUC
Upper tract urothelial cancer
90% of baldder cancers in the UK are:
transitional cell carcinomas
TTC
transitional cell carcinoma
Where Schistosomiasis is endemic - what kind of cancer occurs in the bladder?
Squamous cell carcinoma
Schistosomiasis, also known as snail fever and bilharzia, is a disease caused by
parasitic flatworms
TCC risk factors
smoking
aromatic amines
non-hereditary genetic abnormalities (P53 etc)
SCC risk factors
schistosomiasis
chronic cystitis
pelvic radiotherapy
What is the most frequent presenting symptom in bladder cancer?
painless visible haematuria
in bladder cancer: haematuria can be either……. or ……….
frank
microscopic
What are some other presenting features of bladder cancer?
recurrent UTI
storage bladder symptoms (dysuria, bladder pain etc)
what are the 5 main investigations you would carry out when investigation haematuria?
urine culture
cystourethroscopy
upper tract imaging (CT scan or Ultrasound)
Urine Cytology
BP and U+Es
What are the 3 types of haematuria?
frank (macroscopic)
dipstix
microscopic
in the bladder, tumours will be treated with regards to if they are …
Low grade non-muscle invasive
high grade non-muscle invasive or CIS
muscle invasive bladder
UTUC presenting features include:
frank haematuria
unilateral ureteric obstruction
flank or loin pain
symptoms of nodal or metastatic disease (bone, lung, brain etc)
UTUC investigations
CT - IVU
urine cytology
ureteroscopy and biopsy
most upper tract TCCs are treated by …….
nephro-ureterectomy
What are the 4 histological cells types of renal cancer?
clear cell (85%)
papillary (10%)
chromophobe (4%)
bellini type ductal cacrinoma (1%)
renal adenocarcinoma risk factors
family history
smoking
anti-hypertensive medication
obesity
end-stage renal failure
renal carcinoma symptoms:
asymptomatic
CLASSIC TRIAD: flank pain, mass, haematuria
paraneoplastic disease
metastatic disease
renal adenocarcinoma investigations
CT scan
Bloods: U+Es, FBC
Ultrasound
urinalysis (if cause of haematuria is unknown)
What is treatment not very effective in metastases of RCC?
RCC is radio and chemoresistant
treatment of RCC is usually
radical nephrectomy
