Acute Kidney Injury Flashcards
4 traditional factors in acute renal failure
loss of glomerular filtration and tubular function
retention of urea/creatinine
oliguric/ non-oliguric
potentially recoverable
What are the 5 immediately dangerous causes of AKI?
AEIOU
acidosis
electrolyte imbalance
intoxications (toxins!)
Overload
uraemic complications
how do you measure AKI?
serum creatinine
urine output
Pre-renal types of AKI
reduced vascular volume
reduced cardiac output
systemic vasodilation
renal vasoconstriction
renal types of AKI
glomerular
interstitial
vessels
acute tubular necrosis
myeloma
post renal AKI
renal obstruction (stones clots)
extrinsic compression (prostatic hypertrophy)
causes of AKI
cardiac failure
vasculitis
haemorrhage
sepsis
vomiting
tumours
prostate disease
stones
myeloma
radiocontrast (RCN)
Investigations for AKI
history (drug exposure? renal factors?)
urine dipstick
FBC, USS, U+Es
Blood Gas (ANCA)
renal biopsy
AKI risk events
sepsis
toxins
hypotension
hypovolaemia
risk factors for AKI
over 75 years
previous AKI
heart failure
liver disease
chronic kidney disease
diabetes
STOP pneumonic for AKI treatment
Sepsis (treat and screen)
Toxins (avoid these like NSAIDS)
Optimise BP and volume
Prevent harm (daily check like U+Es, fluid balance)
how would you treat AKI?
Hemodialysis
hemofiltration
What is hemodialysis?
solute removed by diffusion (intermittent therapy)
what is hemofiltration?
solute removed by convection, larger pore size (continuous therapy)
