Glomerular disease (clinical)

Question 1

what is glomerulonephritis? (glomerular disease)

Answer 1

inflammatory disorder of the kidney

Question 2

glomerulonephritis features (4 main ones)

Answer 2

haematuria

proteinuria

hypertension

renal insufficiency

Question 3

macroscopic blood is….

Answer 3

cola/ tea coloured

or

frank blood

Question 4

microscopic blood is less than …. RBS per high power field

Answer 4

3

Question 5

a sign of renal insufficiency is a rising

Answer 5

creatinine

Question 6

nephrotic syndrome presents with

Answer 6

oedema

proteinuria

hypoalbuminemia

hyperlipidemia

Question 7

nephrotic syndrome differential diagnosis

Answer 7

congestive heart failure

hepatic disease

Question 8

glomerulonephritis causes

Answer 8

autoimmune

infection

malignancy

drugs

Question 9

types of glomerulonephritis

Answer 9

urinary sediment abnormalities (IgA nephropathy)

proteinuria (IgA nephropathy)

nephrotic syndrome (minimal change disease)

nephritic state (ANCA associated glomerulonephritis)

Question 10

What is the most common type of glomerulonephritis?

Answer 10

IgA nephropathy

Question 11

What is IgA nephropathy characterised by?

Answer 11

IgA deposition in the mesangium

mesangial proliferation

Question 12

IgA nephropathy presents with:

4

Answer 12

microscopic haematuria

microscopic haematuria + proteinuria

nephrotic syndrome

IgA crescentic glomerulonephritis

Question 13

What are the two main types of nephrotic syndrome?

Answer 13

minimal change

membranous nephropathy

Question 14

two types of nephritic state

Answer 14

ANCA associated glomerulonephritis

post infection glomerulonephritis

Question 15

What are the three types of non-proliferative glomerulonephritis?

Answer 15

minimal change disease

focal and segmental glomerulonephritis

membranous nephropathy

Question 16

5 general measures you undertake in the management of nephrotic syndrome

Answer 16

treat oedema (loop diuretic)

hypertension (ACEi)

Reduce thrombosis (heparin/warfarin)

reduce infection (vaccine?)

treat dyslipidaemia (statin)

Question 17

minimal change nephrotic syndomes most common symptom:

Answer 17

frothy urine

Question 18

minimal change nephrotic syndrome can have a sudden onset of …….

Answer 18

oedema

Question 19

What drug is used to treat minimal change?

Answer 19

prednisolone

Question 20

Patients with proliferative glomerulonephritis present with ………. syndrome

Answer 20

nephritic

Question 21

Patients with non-proliferative glomerulonephritis present with ………. syndrome

Answer 21

nephrotic

Question 22

common features in nephritic state

Answer 22

active urine sediment (haematuria, dysmorphic RBCs etc)

hypertension

renal impairment

Question 23

common features in nephrotic syndrome

Answer 23

oedema

proteinuria

hypoalbuminaemia

hyperlipidaemia