Pathology of UTI

Question 1

three main presenting features of a UTI

Answer 1

dysuria (pain on micturition)

frequency

smelly urine

Question 2

reabsorption is……… if there is an increase in fluid intake

Answer 2

diminished

Question 3

urinary tract is sterile apart from the …..

Answer 3

urethra

Question 4

MSSU

Answer 4

mid stream specimen of urine

Question 5

what is diminshed in MSSU?

Answer 5

urethral flora

Question 6

how many bacteria must be present in a MSSU culture for it to be infection?

Answer 6

10 ^5

to the power of 5

Question 7

how can you tell if its a UTI with a bacteria count of 10^3 - 10^4?

Answer 7

if they have symptoms

Question 8

viral infections are …….. in UTIs

Answer 8

rare

Question 9

the route of bacterial infection into the urinary system is almost always……..

Answer 9

ascending

Question 10

infection leads to the inflammatory response

inflammation of kidney results in

Answer 10

acute pyelonephritis

Question 11

infection leads to the inflammatory response

inflammation of bladder results in

Answer 11

cystitis

Question 12

infection leads to the inflammatory response

inflammation of urethra results in

Answer 12

urethritis

Question 13

infection leads to the inflammatory response

inflammation of ureter results in

Answer 13

ureteritis

Question 14

3 main predisposing factors to getting a UTI

Answer 14

stasis of urine

pushing bacteria up urethra from below

generalised predisposition to bacteria

Question 15

common obstruction in children

Answer 15

vesicoureteric reflux

Question 16

vesicoureteric reflux

Answer 16

decreased angle of the insertion of ureter into the bladder in children

Question 17

most common causes of obstruction in males

Answer 17

benign prostatic hyperplasia

Question 18

most common causes of obstruction in females

Answer 18

uterine prolapse

Question 19

most common causes of obstruction in both sexes

Answer 19

tumours and calculi

Question 20

2 main causes of bacteria being pushed up from the urethra

Answer 20

sexual activity in females

catheterisation

Question 21

reasons for more UTIs in females

Answer 21

shorter urethra

no prostatic bacteriostatic secretion

urethral orifice close to rectum

sexual activity

pregnancy (pressure on ureters and bladder

Question 22

acute complications of a UTI are:

Answer 22

sepsis

septic shock

Question 23

chronic complications of a UTI are:

Answer 23

calculi –> obstruction

chronic pyelonephritis

hydronephrosis, leading to hypertension and eventually chronic renal failure