Pathology of UTI Flashcards
three main presenting features of a UTI
dysuria (pain on micturition)
frequency
smelly urine
reabsorption is……… if there is an increase in fluid intake
diminished
urinary tract is sterile apart from the …..
urethra
MSSU
mid stream specimen of urine
what is diminshed in MSSU?
urethral flora
how many bacteria must be present in a MSSU culture for it to be infection?
10 ^5
to the power of 5
how can you tell if its a UTI with a bacteria count of 10^3 - 10^4?
if they have symptoms
viral infections are …….. in UTIs
rare
the route of bacterial infection into the urinary system is almost always……..
ascending
infection leads to the inflammatory response
inflammation of kidney results in
acute pyelonephritis
infection leads to the inflammatory response
inflammation of bladder results in
cystitis
infection leads to the inflammatory response
inflammation of urethra results in
urethritis
infection leads to the inflammatory response
inflammation of ureter results in
ureteritis
3 main predisposing factors to getting a UTI
stasis of urine
pushing bacteria up urethra from below
generalised predisposition to bacteria
common obstruction in children
vesicoureteric reflux
vesicoureteric reflux
decreased angle of the insertion of ureter into the bladder in children
most common causes of obstruction in males
benign prostatic hyperplasia
most common causes of obstruction in females
uterine prolapse
most common causes of obstruction in both sexes
tumours and calculi
2 main causes of bacteria being pushed up from the urethra
sexual activity in females
catheterisation
reasons for more UTIs in females
shorter urethra
no prostatic bacteriostatic secretion
urethral orifice close to rectum
sexual activity
pregnancy (pressure on ureters and bladder
acute complications of a UTI are:
sepsis
septic shock
chronic complications of a UTI are:
calculi –> obstruction
chronic pyelonephritis
hydronephrosis, leading to hypertension and eventually chronic renal failure
