Urinary Tract Infection Flashcards
In children <1 years old, are UTI more common in boys or girls?
- boys
In children of school age, are UTIs more common in boys or girls?
- girls
Which of the following is the most common risk factor for developing UTIs in children?
1 - STI
2 - previous UTI
3 - congenital abnormalities
4 - poor hygiene
5 - diabetes
3 - congenital abnormalities
Changes in the flow or urine, such as obstruction, stones etc can all increase risk of UTI
Does constipation contribute to the risk of UTI?
- yes
Can cause obstruction in urethra and causing urine stasis and increase risk of UTI
UTI are typically caused by the bugs from the GIT, transmitted from anus to urethra. All of the following organisms can cause a UTI, but which is most common?
1 - E. coli
2 - Klebsiella
3 - Citrobacter species
4 - P. mirabilis
1 - E. coli
Accounts for 70% of cases.
A lower UTI is an infection of the bladder, called what?
1 - pyelonephritis
2 - orchitis
3 - epididymitis
4 - cystitis
4 - cystitis
An upper UTI is an infection of the ureters and kidney, called what?
1 - pyelonephritis
2 - orchitis
3 - epididymitis
4 - cystitis
1 - pyelonephritis
A UTI can be either complicated or un-complicated. Which 2 of the following would be included under the definition of a complicated UTI?
1 - >6 months in duration
2 - UTI with anatomical or functional abnormality
3 - UTI in patient with reduced immunity e.g. diabetes, chemotherapy, immunosuppression
4 - >2 UTIs in 6 months
2 - UTI with anatomical or functional abnormality
3 - UTI in patient with reduced immunity e.g. diabetes, chemotherapy, immunosuppression
Essentially, immunocoprimsied people have increased susceptibility to infection
All of the following are common risk factors for UTIs, EXCEPT which one?
1 - dysuria
2 - polyuria
3 - foul smelling
4 - increased bed wetting
5 - bowel obstruction
6 - darker and cloudy urine
7 - fever
8 - loin to groin and abdo pain
9 - haematuria
10 - reduced fluid intake
5 - bowel obstruction
Which of the following is the definition of bacteriuria?
1 - WBC in urine
2 - sepsis due to UTI
3 - bacteria in the blood
4 - bacteria in the urine
4 - bacteria in the urine
Which of the following is the definition of pyuria?
1 - WBC in urine
2 - sepsis due to UTI
3 - bacteria in the blood
4 - bacteria in the urine
1 - WBC in urine
Which of the following would match the definition of an isolated UTI?
1 - >6 months in duration
2 - UTI with anatomical or functional abnormality
3 - 6 months between infections
4 - >2 UTIs in 6 months
3 - 6 months between infections
Which of the following would match the definition of an recurrent UTI?
1 - >6 months in duration
2 - UTI with anatomical or functional abnormality
3 - 6 months between infections
4 - >2 UTIs in 6 months or 3 in 12 months
4 - >2 UTIs in 6 months or 3 in 12 months
Which of the following would match the definition of an persistent UTI?
1 - recurrence with the same organisms after treatment
2 - UTI with anatomical or functional abnormality
3 - 6 months between infections
4 - >2 UTIs in 6 months or 3 in 12 months
1 - recurrence with the same organisms after treatment
All of the following are symptoms of a UTI, EXCEPT which one?
1 - storage symptoms
2 - voiding symptoms (urine stream issues)
3 - haematuria
4 - dysuria and pain
5 - dyspareunia
5 - dyspareunia
- this is pain during sex
In a patient with suspected UTI, which of the following would we expect to be raised?
1 - blood levels
2 - pH
3 - nitrites
4 - protein
5 - leukocytes
6 - glucose
7 - all of the above
7 - all of the above
In a patient with a UTI, we may image to rule out renal calculi or transitional cell cancer. What imaging would be 1st choice in this instance?
1 - CT
2 - ultrasound
3 - MRI
4 - X-ray
2 - ultrasound
In a patient with a UTI, we may consider giving the patient antibiotics. What other advice should patients with a UTI be given?
1 - high fluid intake
2 - cranberry juice
3 - bladder emptying
4 - avoid bubblebaths
5 - probiotics
6 - all of the above
6 - all of the above
- these can be done by patients to reduce the risk of UTIs
The location and type of UTI a patient has affects the antibiotics they are given. Which of the following would typically be 1st line in a patient with a lower urinary tract infection?
1 - Nitrofurantoin
2 - Gentamicin
3 - Ceftriaxone
4 - Cefalexin
1 - Nitrofurantoin
Or trimethoprim
Treatment may need need to be adjusted based on the urine culture.
The location and type of UTI a patient has affects the antibiotics they are given. Which of the following would typically be 1st line in a patient with urosepsis?
1 - Nitrofurantoin
2 - Gentamicin
3 - Ceftriaxone
4 - Cefalexin
2 - Gentamicin
- this is an aminoglycaside
Treatment may need need to be adjusted based on the urine culture.
In Infants and children who have bacteriuria and fever >38°C, is this more likely to be cystitis or pyelonephritis?
- pyelonephritis
In infants and children presenting with fever <38°C with loin pain/tenderness and bacteriuria, is this more likely to be cystitis or pyelonephritis?
- pyelonephritis
According to NICE, which of the following is NOT a characteristic of atypical UTI?
1 - Poor urine flow
2 - Abdominal or bladder mass
3 - Raised creatinine
4 - Septicaemia
5 - Failure to respond to treatment with suitable antibiotics within 48hours
6 - Infection with E. coliorganisms
6 - Infection with E. coliorganisms
Typically an infection with non-E. coliorganisms
If UTI is atypical need to admit if they get worse
If a urine sample cannot be collected and you suspect a UTI, should treatment be delayed?
- no
Mid stream = gold standard
If mid-stream is not possible, use urine collection pads
Children under what age should be referred to a paediatric specialist if a UTI is suspected?
1 - <16
2 - <10
3 - <3 months
4 - <12 months
3 - <3 months
The location and type of UTI a patient has affects the antibiotics they are given. Which of the following would typically be 1st line in a patient with acute pyelonephritis or prostatitis?
1 - Nitrofurantoin
2 - Gentamicin
3 - Ceftriaxone
4 - Cefalexin
4 - Cephalexin
- this is a Cephalosporins
OR cefuroxime/ceftriaxone or IV gentamicin
Treatment may need need to be adjusted based on the urine culture.
If a patient has a catheter in and they have developed bacteriuria, but they are asymptomatic, should they be prescribed antibiotics?
- no
- should only be prescribed if symptoms of infection or if there is a catheter associated UTI
If a patient has developed a urinary catheter infection, which antibiotic is 1st line?
1 - Nitrofurantoin
2 - Gentamicin
3 - Ceftriaxone
4 - Cefalexin
2 - Gentamicin
- should be given 30-60 minutes before removing the catheter
Treatment may need need to be adjusted based on the urine culture.
