Rubella Flashcards
Rubella, previously called the german measles virus caused by the is a viral infection caused by the togavirus. What is the incidence of Rubella?
1 - 0.01 / 100,000
2 - 1 / 100,000
3 - 10 / 100,000
4 - 100 / 100,000
1 - 0.01 / 100,000
Incidence has reduced due to the Measles, Mumps and Rubella (MMR) vaccine
Rubella levels have significantly reduced thanks to the Measles, Mumps and Rubella (MMR) vaccine. Which 2 time points is the MMR vaccine given?
1 - 8-9 weeks
2 - 12-13 weeks
3 - 12-13 months
4 - 3 years and 4 months
3 - 12-13 months
4 - 3 years and 4 months
Given at 12-13 months and then a booster at 3 years and 4 months
Rubella levels have significantly reduced thanks to the Measles, Mumps and Rubella (MMR) vaccine. What age does the peak incidence of rubella occur?
1 - 1-12 months
2 - 1-2 years old
3 - 1-5 years old
4 - 5-10 years old
3 - 1-5 years old
Equally as common in boys and girls
If there is an outbreak of Rubella, when do these typically occur?
1 - Summer and Autumn
2 - Autumn and Winter
3 - Winter and Spring
4 - Spring and Summer
3 - Winter and Spring
What is the biggest risk factor for contracting Rubella?
1 - age
2 - gender
3 - unvaccinated
4 - maternal complications
3 - unvaccinated
How do patients typically contract Rubella cases?
1 - kissing infected person
2 - skin to skin contact
3 - touching infected surface (few hours)
4 - inhaling air droplets
4 - inhaling air droplets
Most common, but all others can also cause infection as well
Once a patient is infected with rubella, cells become infected and then new viruses bud off from infected cells. Which of the following can Rubella then infect?
1 - urine
2 - cerebrospinal fluid
3 - synovial joints and joints
4 - all of the above
4 - all of the above
Typically infects lymphatics and then moves through blood throughout the body
Can Rubella be transmitted from a pregnant mother to the foetus?
- Yes
Most likely before 4 and 20 weeks, but after 20 weeks is less likely
Can cause congenital rubella syndrome and can lead to miscarriages, stillbirths, and a constellation of severe birth defects in infants can result.
Which of the following infections is NOT a common infection linked with causing congenital defects?
1 - Tuberculosis
2 - Toxoplasmosis
3 - Other infections (i.e. Syphilis)
4 - Rubella
5 - Cytomegalovirus
6 - Herpes Simplex
1 - Tuberculosis
Acronym TORCH can be used
Babies who contract Rubella whilst inside the womb can develop congenital rubella syndrome. This is typically associated with a triad, but which of the following is NOT one of these?
1 - trisomy such as down syndrome
2 - sensorineural hearing loss (deafness)
3 - eye abnormalities (cataracts and retinopathy, or damage to the retina)
4 - congenital heart disease such as Patent Ductus Arteriosus,
1 - trisomy such as down syndrome
Once infected with Rubella, what is the average incubation time?
1 - 7-10 days
2 - 10-14 days
3 - 14-21 days
4 - 21-35 days
3 - 14-21 days
Once infected with Rubella, the incubation time is typically 14-21 days. Which 2 are patients typically infected?
1 - 7 days from infection
2 - 7 days prior to symptom presentation
3 - once rash is present
4 - 4 days following rash onset
2 - 7 days prior to symptom presentation
4 - 4 days following rash onset
Do patients with rubella always show symptoms?
- no
Patients can be asymptomatic, but symptoms begin after the 14/21 day incubation period
Which of the following is NOT a clinical symptom of Rubella?
1 - low grade fever
2 - conjunctivitis
3 - lymphadenopathy
4 - macular rash
2 - conjunctivitis
Low grade fever is typically a prodrome before the rash and lymphadenopathy occur
Rubella is associated with a maculopapular (macular = flat, and papules are raised areas of skin). Where does it typically begin?
1 - nappy area
2 - face
3 - legs and arms
4 - torso
2 - face
Then spreads to rest of the body
