Development Delay Flashcards
Development delays are typically assessed in the community by community paediatrics. Which of the following is NOT one of the 4 areas assessed in normal development?
1 - Gross motor skills
2 - Fine motor skills
3 - Speech and language skills
4 - Fine social skills with children
5 - Social skills
4 - Fine social skills with children
Hearing and vision are also assessed, but typically are part of these 4 areas
In a newborn, which of the following is most likely to be assessed?
1 - Gross motor skills
2 - Fine motor skills
3 - Speech and language skills
4 - Social skills
1 - Gross motor skills
Looking at tone good tone and position, typically newborns are in a flexed position
Can newborns see all colours or just black and white?
- black and white
May be cross eyed, but typically corrects after 6 weeks
When do children typically receive a hearing test?
1 - while in hospital after birth
2 - 6 week check
3 - 1 year check
4 - 3 year check
1 - while in hospital after birth
Newborns are born with primitive reflexes for survival. Which of the following is NOT one of these?
1 - Gag reflex
2 - Rooting
3 - Sucking
4 - Moro
5 - Palmar
1 - Gag reflex
Typically disappear at 6-8 weeks
- rooting = move head and open mouth for feeding if you stroke the face
- moro = startle reflex, arms stretch out to look for help
Which 2 of the following are red flags for development in newborns?
1 - poor tone
2 - asymmetrical or absent reflexes
3 - no crying
4 - flexed position
1 - poor tone
2 - asymmetrical or absent reflexes
At 6-8 weeks, which of the following would we NOT expect to see in a child’s development?
1 - Gross motor = lift head briefly to 45 degrees when on tummy
2 - Fine motor inc vision = fix on and follow objects/people
3 - Speech and language inc hearing = saying mama and dada
no significant change from birth
4 - Social = responsive to smiles
3 - Speech and language inc hearing = saying mama and dada
Typically there would be no significant change from birth
Social
Which of the following are red flags for development in 6-8 week old babies?
1 - Not smiling
2 - Not fixing and following
3 - Excessive head lag
4 - Not responding to sound
5 - all of the above
5 - all of the above
At 6-8 months, which of the following would we NOT expect to see in a child’s development?
1 - Gross motor = sit unsupported
2 - Fine motor inc. vision = palmar grasp, objects into mouth and colour vision
3 - Speech and language inc hearing = saying mama and dada
no significant change from birth
4 - Social = finger feeding
3 - Speech and language inc hearing = saying mama and dada
no significant change from birth
Typically just babble at this age
Which of the following is NOT a red flags for development in 6-8 months old babies?
1 - Persistent primitive reflexes
2 - Not reaching for objects
3 - Hand preference
4 - Poor tone
5 - Not standing unaided
5 - Not standing unaided
At year of age, which of the following would we NOT expect to see in a child’s development?
1 - Gross motor = walk unaided
2 - Fine motor inc vision = pincer grip, pointing
3 - Speech and language inc hearing = Few words
4 - Social = waving, peek-a-boo
1 - Gross motor = walk unaided
Typically babies can pull to stand—cruise—walking with aid of surrounding areas
Which 2 of the following are red flags for development in a 1 year old baby?
1 - Not sitting unsupported
2 - Not walking
3 - Not babbling
4 - Not able to eat solids
1 - Not sitting unsupported
3 - Not babbling
At 2 years of age, which of the following would we NOT expect to see in a child’s development?
1 - Gross motor = Running, kicking a ball, stairs two feet per step
2 - Fine motor inc vision = back and forth scribbles, copying a line
3 - Speech and language inc hearing = joining two-three words together
4 - Social = play with other children
4 - Social = play with other children
Typically, at 2 years babies have symbolic/imaginary play and play alongside other children, BUT not with them
Which 2 of the following are red flags for development in a 1 year old baby?
1 - Not eating unaided
2 - Not running
3 - Not babbling
4 - Not joining words together
2 - Not running
4 - Not joining words together
The medical name for not being able to control your urine output is enuresis. At what age should a child typically be able to control their urine output?
1 - 2 years of age
2 - 3 years of age
3 - 4 years of age
4 - 5 years of age
B) 3 years of age
In children, how common is it to have a problem with wetting or soiling?
1 - very, very common (1 in 4)
2 - very common (1 in 12)
3 - quite common (1 in 100)
4 - not that common (1 in 1000)
2 - very common (1 in 12)
What is primary enuresis?
1 - first time a child loses control of urine
2 - new onset wetting after a period of 6 months of being dry
3 - not yet achieved bladder continence
4 - dry in the day but wetting at night
3 - not yet achieved bladder continence
What is secondary enuresis?
1 - first time a child loses control of urine
2 - new onset wetting after a period of 6 months of being dry
3 - not yet achieved bladder continence
4 - dry in the day but wetting at night
2 - new onset wetting after a period of 6 months of being dry
What is nocturnal enuresis?
1 - first time a child loses control of urine
2 - new onset wetting after a period of 6 months of being dry
3 - not yet achieved bladder continence
4 - dry in the day but wetting at night
4 - dry in the day but wetting at night
Can be primary or secondary
At what age do children typically achieve nighttime dryness?
1 - 1 year
2 - 3 years
3 - 5 years
4 - 7 years
2 - 3 years
Typically, 6 months after daytime dryness is achieved
Which of the following are signs of a small, overactive bladder?
1 -need to empty bladder before full
2 - sudden urgency to pee
3 - small, frequent wees
4 - leak before getting to toilet
5 - ‘wee dance’
6 - all of the above
6 - all of the above
Which 2 of the following are linked with low levels of ADH and enuresis during the night?
1 - crying for mum and dad
2 - difficult to rouse and get out of bed
3 - large void builds up in middle of night
4 - pain in bladder
2 - difficult to rouse and get out of bed
3 - large void builds up in middle of night
ADH helps retain water, so if levels are low then body wants to get rid of the water
Which of the following are associated with dysfunctional voiding?
1 - Unable to relax urethral sphincter when voiding
2 - Few, large volume wetting episodes
3 - Infrequent voiding
4 - Interrupted stream
5 - all of the above
5 - all of the above
Which of the following is NOT associated with enuresis?
1 - UTI
2 - T1DM (polyuria+polydipsia)
3 - diarrhoea
4 - Postural urethral valves (PUV)
5 - Developmental delay
6 - Physical disability
7 - Sexual abuse
8 - Spinal cord tethering
3 - diarrhoea
Constipation can cause enuresis
What general advice can be given in children with enuresis?
1 - Good drinking
2 - Regular voiding
3 - Double voiding
4 - Blowing bubbles when trying to urinate helps relax the external sphincter
5 - All of the above
5 - All of the above
What general advice can be given in children with enuresis that typically occurs at night?
1 - Stop drinking <1hour before bed
2 - Wee before bed
3 - Avoid screens
4 - Do not chastise accidents or praise non-accidents
5 - Alarms – need to be motivated
6 - All of the above
6 - All of the above
Avoid screens = linked to melatonin levels, which affects ADH levels
Which of the following can be used in children with enuresis during the day?
1 - oxybutinin
2 - desmopressive
3 - pyridostigmine
4 - bumetanide
1 - oxybutinin
- anti-muscarinics
Relaxes the bladder and allows more filling
Which of the following can be used in children with enuresis during the day?
1 - oxybutinin
2 - desmopressive
3 - pyridostigmine
4 - bumetanide
2 - desmopressive
NO drinking after taking this
Synthetic ADH, tries to stop urination
