Bronchiectasis Flashcards
What is Bronchiectasis?
1 - alveoli are damaged creating larger air spaces instead of many small ones
2 - bronchi in lungs are damaged and inflamed leading to permanent dilation of bronchi
3 - inflammation and damage to the bronchi causing a cough with mucus
4 - narrowing of airways due to type I hypersensitivity
2 - bronchi in lungs are damaged and inflamed leading to permanent dilation of bronchi
- commonly caused by recurrent infections and inflammation
Is Bronchiectasis more common in older or younger patients?
- older
- > 60
Are men or women more likely to develop Bronchiectasis?
- women
What is the prevalence of Bronchiectasis?
1 - 50-100 / 100,000
2 - 100-200 / 100,000
3 - 227-309 / 100,000
4 - 350-400 / 100,000
3 - 227-309 / 100,000
- 227/100,000 in men
- 309/100,000 in women.
All of the following are symptoms that can present in Bronchiectasis. Which are the top 3 most common?
1 - haemoptysis
2 - cough
3 - coarse crackles
4 - copious sputum production
5 - wheezing
6 - dyspnoea
7 - rhinosinusitis
8 - fatigue
9 - digital clubbing
10 - recurrent pleurisy
2 - cough (98%)
4 - copious sputum production (78%)
3 - coarse crackles (75%)
Bronchiectasis symptoms can overlap with other conditions. Which of the following is NOT a differential for Bronchiectasis?
1 - Asthma
2 - PE
3 - COPD
4 - Cystic fibrosis
5 - Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA)
6 - Chronic tuberculosis (including non-tuberculous mycobacteria)
2 - PE
- would present with SOB but not other common symptoms
What type of cells line the lumen of our airways?
1 - cuboidal epithelial cells
2 - transitional columnar epithelial cells
3 - ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelial cells
4 - ciliated cuboidal cells
3 - ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelial cells
Which of the following is NOT a layer of the mucosa that lines the airways?
1 - loose connective tissue
2 - goblet cells
4 - smooth muscle
5 - ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelial cells
5 - basement membrane
4 - smooth muscle
Which of the following is NOT a layer of the submucosa that lines the airways?
1 - connective tissue
2 - smooth muscle
3 - bronchial mucinous glands
4 - basement membrane
4 - basement membrane
In the lining of the lumen, do goblet cells or bronchial mucinous glands secrete the majority of mucus in the lungs?
- bronchial mucinous glands
Which 2 of the following are part of the mucociliary escalator?
1 - cilia lining epithelial cells
2 - mucus secreted by goblet and bronchial mucinous glands
3 - smooth muscle
4 - loose connective tissue
1 - cilia lining epithelial cells
2 - mucus secreted by goblet and bronchial mucinous glands
- together they trap foreign particles and move them out of the lungs
Which of the following is NOT a cause of chronic inflammation due to abnormal cilia function in the bronchi?
1 - smoking
2 - primary ciliary dyskinesia
3 - cystic fibrosis
4 - recurrent infections
3 - cystic fibrosis
- this is classed as an abnormal mucus production, BUT this can cause chronic inflammation
Which of the following is NOT a cause of chronic inflammation due to abnormal immune system in the bronchi?
1 - Congenital hypogammaglobulinaemia
2 - Combined variable immune deficiency (CVID)
3 - Lymphoma
4 - Smoking
5 - Myeloma
6 - Post-transplant
4 - Smoking
- classed as causing abnormal cilia
What is the main cause of chronic inflammation in the lungs that causes Bronchiectasis?
1 - recurrent infection
2 - damaged cilia
3 - low mucus production
4 - low peristalsis
1 - recurrent infection
- pneumonia is very common
All of the following are organisms that are common in Bronchiectasis, EXCEPT which one?
1 - Haemophilus influenzae
2 - Streptococcus pneumoniae
3 - Escherichia coli
4 - Staphylococcus aureus
5 - Pseudomonas aeruginosa
3 - Escherichia coli
- Haemophilus influenzae = gram - coccobacillary
- Streptococcus pneumoniae = gram-positive, spherical bacteria
- Staphylococcus aureus = gram-positive spherical bacteria
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa = gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium