Urinary tract and clinical correlates Flashcards
Which kidney is lower and why
Right is 2.5cm lower due to liver
Where are kidneys located
T12-L3
What is L1
Transpyloric plane
What are the 5 segments of the kidney
Apical, upper, middle, lower, posterior
How to perform open nephrectomy
Midway between 12th rib and iliac crest, extend from border of erector spine. Divide latissimus dorsi and serratus posterior - identify free border of external oblique and split it in the line of fibres. Divide peritoneum, open renal fascia
Where do you feel renal colic pain?
From loin to groin
Capsules surrounding kidneys
proper capsule, perinephric fat, renal fascia and paranephric capsule
Signs and symptoms of kidney disease
- UTI causing dysuria and suprapubic pain
- Ascending infection in urinary tract
- Resulting in infection of kidney parenchyma
- Test by doing MSU for culture, blood test
- Test by ultrasound, CT, contrast radiology
- Proteinuria and oedema
Which spinal nerves form femoral nerve
L2/3/4
Polycystic kidney
birth, bilateral, ducts don’t link to metanephros so blind ducts form that fill with fluid - cysts in pancreas and liver
Horseshoe kidney
metanephric masses fuse and can’t rise as held in place by IMA at L3
Where ar ureters
- Lie within line joining point 5cm lateral to L1 spinous process and posterior superior iliac spine
- Lie within sagittal plane that intersects tips of transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae
Course of ureters
- Crosse pelvic inlet infront of bifurcation of common iliac artery
- Runs back and down infront of artery to ischial spine
- Forward and medially to upper lateral angle of bladder
Blood supply to kidneys
- Renal arteries from aorta at L1
- Right renal artery longer than left
Veins - kidneys
- Multiple renal veins unite to form l and r veins
- Veins from renal segments communicate with eachother unline arteries
- L vein is longer than R
