Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Renal > Control, volume and composition of ECF > Flashcards

Control, volume and composition of ECF Flashcards

1
Q

Influencers on diffusion

A

Concentration difference, electrical difference and pressure difference

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is osmotic pressure influenced by

A

molar concentration of a solution - number of active particles per unit volume, not their size

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is oncotic pressure?

A

fluid movement between plasma and interstitial fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Difference between osmolarity and tonicity

A
  • Osmolarity: starting osmotic pressure with all solutes

- Tonicity: final osmotic pressure after solute removal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How does water move between compartments?

A

Aquaporins - allow movement through all compartments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Between which compartments can glucose move?

A

Between interstitial fluid, intracellular fluid and RBCS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How do proteins move between compartments?

A

Pinocytosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Process of pinocytosis

A
  • On surface of cell are clathrin molecules
  • proteins binds to receptor
  • coated put has protein bind to
  • Invagination generated by actin and myosin
  • Causes vesicle to form
  • Energy dependent
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Where is ADH secreted?

A

Osmoreceptors

  • Polypeptide released from posterior pituitary
  • Controlled by hypothalamic osmoreceptors
  • 3 receptors - all g-protein
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Site and role of V1a

A

Site: peripheral circulation
Role: vasoconstriction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Site and role of V2

A

Site: CD endothelium
Role: AQP2 insertion, clotting factor release

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Site and role of V3

A

Site: CNS
Role: ACTH release

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

VOLT

A
  • Vascular Organ of Lamina Terminalis - lies outside BB and contains AQP4
  • When plasma osmolarity rises, water leaves these cells = shrinkage, triggers ion channels to generate AP and release ADH from pituitary
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What happens when osmolality increases?

A

Hypothalamic osmoreceptors stimulated
Lateral pre-optic area = thirst
Paraventricular and supra-optic area = ADH release

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What happens when osmolality decreases?

A

Hypothalamic osmoreceptors inhibited

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

ADh stimulation

A

Nicotine

17
Q

ADH inhibition

A

ANP, alcohol

18
Q

Function of junta-glomerular apparatus

A
  • Between afferent arteriole and DCT
  • Senses decrease in pressure in granular cells
  • Senses decreased tubular sodium flow
  • Triggering JGA leads to dilation of afferent arteriole, release of renin from granular cells
  • Renin release stimulated by B1 stimulation
19
Q

Function of aldosterone

A
  • Aldosterone causes gene expression which activates sodium/potassium portal
  • Drives sodium from tubule to blood
  • Aldosterone release stimulated by angiotensin ii, increased plasma potassium concentration, ACTH
  • Decreased blood volume = decreased renin
  • Increased blood volume = increased NaCl and water excretion
20
Q

What inhibits aldosterone

A

ANP (released to stretch heart)

Causes increased GFR, decreased aldosterone, decreased renin and decreased ADH

21
Q

How is sodium retention encouraged

A
  • Water retention = ADH agonist e.g. terlipressin and antagonist e.g. tolvaptan
22
Q

How is water retention encouraged

A

ADH agonist e.g. terlipressin and antagonist e.g. tolvaptan

23
Q

What happens to correct high osmolarity

A

Increased ADH so retain water

24
Q

What happens to correct low osmolarity

A

Decreased ADH so excrete water

25
Q

What happens to correct hypovolaemia

A

Increased aldosterone and decreased ANP = retain Na+

26
Q

What happens to correct hypervolaemia

A

Decreased aldosterone and increased ANP = Na+ excretion

27
Q

Causes of fluid retention

A

HF, no ADH, intake excess

28
Q

Causes of sodium loss

A

Diuretics, vomiting/diarrhoea, Addison’s

29
Q

Danger of hyponatraemia

A

water moving into brain by osmosis (cerebral oedema), increases ICP, worse in children

30
Q

SIAD

A
  • Syndrome of in-appropriate SDH secretion
  • Caused by tumours (small cell lung cancer)
  • Infections - pneumonia, meningitis
  • Drugs (SSRIs)
  • Hypothyroidism
  • Fluid retention - sodium levels drops
  • Cut back on fluid intake
31
Q

What is used during endoscopic resection to irrigate

A

Glycine

32
Q

Hyponatraemia treatment

A
  • Restrict water
  • Use hypertonic saline in crisis byt not used routinely - over correction
  • CPM = damage to myelin in pons
  • After exercise: sweat to lose heat, normal sodium in sweat = 40 mmol/l
  • Relative to ECF more NaCl in sweat
33
Q

How is ECF volume determined

A

Aldosterone regulating Na+

34
Q

How is ECF osmolarity determined

A

ADh regulated water

Renal (26 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions